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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intermolecular forces occur _______ molecules
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between
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Intermolecular forces occur _______ molecules
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between
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Explain Dipole-Dipole forces
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Dipole-Dipole attraction: molecules with dipole moments line up so that positive and negative ends are close to each other. Only about 1% as strong as covalent or ionic bonds
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Explain Dipole-Dipole forces
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Dipole-Dipole attraction: molecules with dipole moments line up so that positive and negative ends are close to each other. Only about 1% as strong as covalent or ionic bonds
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Explain Hydrogen Bonding
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A particularly strong dipole-dipole force where a hydrogen is bound to a highly electronegative atom (such as N, O, or F).
2 factors account for the strengths of these interactions: 1. the high polarity of the bond 2. close approach of the dipoles (allowed because the hydrogen atom is so small) |
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Explain Hydrogen Bonding
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A particularly strong dipole-dipole force where a hydrogen is bound to a highly electronegative atom (such as N, O, or F).
2 factors account for the strengths of these interactions: 1. the high polarity of the bond 2. close approach of the dipoles (allowed because the hydrogen atom is so small) |
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Explain London Dispersion Forces
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Forces between nonpolar particles where nonsymmetrical electron distribution develops which creates a temporary dipole. The temporary dipole can then induce a similar dipole in neighboring particles. The bonds are relatively weak and short lived but they become more significant for larger particles
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Explain London Dispersion Forces
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Forces between nonpolar particles where nonsymmetrical electron distribution develops which creates a temporary dipole. The temporary dipole can then induce a similar dipole in neighboring particles. The bonds are relatively weak and short lived but they become more significant for larger particles
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Explain Surface Tension
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The resistance of a liquid to an increase in its surface area
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Explain Surface Tension
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The resistance of a liquid to an increase in its surface area
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liquids with _____ intermolecular forces have high surface tension
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large
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liquids with _____ intermolecular forces have high surface tension
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large
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What is Capillary action?
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The spontaneous rising of a liquid in a narrow tube
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What is Capillary action?
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The spontaneous rising of a liquid in a narrow tube
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what are the two forces responsible for Capillary action and what do they do?
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Cohesive: intermolecular forces between molecules.
Adhesive: forces between liquid molecules and the container |
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what are the two forces responsible for Capillary action and what do they do?
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Cohesive: intermolecular forces between molecules.
Adhesive: forces between liquid molecules and the container |
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What is viscosity?
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A measure of a liquid's resistance to flow
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What is viscosity?
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A measure of a liquid's resistance to flow
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Liquids with _________________________ tend to be highly viscous. _________ __________ also leads to higher viscosity
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large intermolecular forces
molecular complexity |
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Liquids with _________________________ tend to be highly viscous. _________ __________ also leads to higher viscosity
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large intermolecular forces
molecular complexity |
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What is vaporization
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Molecules of liquid escape the liquid's surface and form a gas
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What is the Heat of Vaporization?
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the energy required to vaporize 1 mole of a liquid at a pressure of 1 atm
-Also called the Enthalpy of Vaporization |
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Write the thermochemical equation for the vaporization of 1 mol of water
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H2O(l) ---> H2O(g) ∆Hvap = 40.7 KJ/mol
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At what temperature does Heat of Vaporization occur?
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100ºC
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When a liquid is in a closed container eventually the rate of condensation equals the rate of evaporation. The system is now at ___________
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equilibrium
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Explain Vapor Pressure
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The pressure of vapor while the liquid in a closed container
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Vapor Pressure increases with __________
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temperature
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What is sublimation?
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Change from a solid directly to a gas
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What is heat of fusion?
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The energy required to melt 1 mole of a solid at one atm
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Write the thermochemical equation for melting 1 mole of water
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H2O(s) --> H2O(l) ∆Hfus = 6.01 KJ/mol
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At what temperature does Heat of Fusion occur
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0ºC
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What is a Heating Curve?
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a plot of temperature versus time for a process where energy is added at a constant rate
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What is the normal boiling point?
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100ºc
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