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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are tissues? |
Structures with discrete structural and functional properties, a collection of cells, a group of tissues make organs |
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What are the four types of tissue? |
Epithelial Connective Muscle Neural |
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What does epithelial tissue do? |
Covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways, forms glands |
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What does connective tissue do? |
Fills internal space, supports other tissues, transport materials, stores energy, links stuff together |
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What does muscle tissue do? |
Specialized for contraction, skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and walls of hollow organs |
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What does neural tissue do? |
Carries electrical signals from one part of the body to another |
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What is epithelia? |
Layers of cells covering internal or external organs |
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What are glands? |
Structures that produce secretions |
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What are the characteristics of epithelia? |
Cellularity Polarity Attachment Avascularity=no blood vessels Regeneration |
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What are the specialization (functions) of epithelial tissue? |
Move fluids over epithelium (Protection) Fluids through (Control permeability) Provide sensation Produce specialized secretions |
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What are the 3 things that maintain the integrity of epithelial? |
Intercellular connections Attachment to the basement membrane Epithelial maintenance and repair |
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What are CAMs? |
Cell adhesion molecules |
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What are cell junctions? What are the 3 types of cell junctions? |
Form bonds with other cells or extracellular material Tight junctions Gap junctions Desmosomes |
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What are tight junctions? |
Between 2 plasma membranes Adhesion belt attaches to terminal web Prevents passage of water and solutes Isolates wastes in the lumen |
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What are gap junctions? |
Allow rapid communication Held together by channel proteins Allow ions to pass Coordinate contractions in the heart muscle |
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What are desmosomes? And what are the 2 types? |
CAMs, dense areas, and intercellular cement Spot desmosome (tie cells together) Hemidesmosomes (attach cells to the basement membrane) |
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Whats the difference between lamina lucida and lamina densa? |
Lamina lucida=thin layer, secreted by epithelia, barrier to protiens Lamina densa=thick fibers, produced by connective tissue, strength and filtration |
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What are the classes of epithelia? |
(Shape) Cuboidal Columnar Squamous (Layers) Simple Stratified |
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What are the 3 types of squamous epithelia and their functions? |
Simple (absorption & diffusion) Mesothelium (lines body cavities) Endothelium (lines heart and blood vessels) |
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What does stratified squamous epithelium do? |
Protects against attacks, has keratin to help with water proofing and strength |
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What are the 2 cuboidal epithelia and their functions? |
Simple (secretion and absorbtion) stratified (sweat ducts and mammary glads) |
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Where can you locate simple squamous epithelium? |
Clear lining of the organs |
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Where can you locate stratified squamous epithelium? |
Surface of skin, lining of mouth, rectum etc. |
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Where can you locate simple cuboidal epithelium? |
Glands, ducts, portions of kidney |
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Where can you locate stratified cuboidal epithelium? |
Sweat gland ducts |
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What is the function of transitional epithelium? |
Tolerate repeated cycles of stretching and recoiling Ex. The bladder |
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What are the 3 types of columnar epithelia and their functions? |
Simple(absorption and secretion) Pseudostratified(move stuff on the surface) Stratified (protection) |
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What is the location of simple columnar? |
Lining of the stomach, intestines etc. |
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Where is psuedostratified located? |
Lining of the nasal cavity, trachea and bronchi |
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What are the 2 types of glandular epithelia? |
Endocrine and exocrine |
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What is the function of the endocrine glands? |
Release hormones into the blood *No ducts* |
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What is the function of the exocrine glands? |
Produce secretions like sweat, spit or ear wax *has ducts* |
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What are the 3 modes of secretion? |
Merocrine Apocrine Holocrine |
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What is the funtion merocrine secretion? |
Produced in the golgi apparatus, released by vesicles EX sweat glands |
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What is the function of the apocrine secrection? |
Produced in the golgi apparatus, released by shedding cytoplasm, helps by releasing pharamones (apocrine sweat glands) |
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What is the function of the holocrine secretion? |
Cell bombs💣 Cell bursting killing gland cells then replaced by stem cells The oil produced in hair |
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What are the 3 types of secretions? |
Serous Mucous Mixed exocrine (^both^) |
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What are the only unicellular exocrine glands? |
Mucous (goblet) cells |
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What do the extracellular components make up? |
The matrix |
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What are 3 characteristics of connective tissue? |
Specialized cells Solid extracellular protein fibers Fluid extracellular ground substance |
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What are the functions of the connective tissue? |
Structural framework of the body Transporting fluids and dissolved materials Protection & support (microorganisms) Connecting other tissues Stores energy |
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Whats the difference between loose and dense connective tissue? |
Loose-more ground substance, less fibers (fat) Dense-more fibers, less ground (tendons) |
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What are the 9 types of connective tissue? |
Fibroblasts Fibrocytes Macrophages Microphages Mast cells Adipocytes Lymphocytes Melanocytes Mesenchymal |
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Fibroblasts |
The most abundant cell type found in all connective tissue (cellular cement) |
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Fibrocytes |
The 2nd most abundant cell type maintain the fibers of connective tissue |
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Adipocytes |
Fat cells |
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Mesenchymal |
Stem cells that respond to injury or infection |
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Macrophages |
Large, amoeba like cells of the immune system |
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Mast cells |
Stimulate inflammation after injury releases histamine and heparin |
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Lymphocytes |
Specialized immune cells in lymphatic system |
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Microphages |
Phagocytic blood cells that react to macrophages and mast cells |
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Melanocytes |
Synthesize and store brown pigment melanin |
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What are the 3 connective tissue fibers? |
Collagen Reticular Elastic |
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Collagen fibers |
Most common fibers Long straight unbranched Strong & flexible Resist force in one direction I.e tendons ligaments |
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Reticular fibers |
Network of interwogen fibers Strong, flexible Resist force in many directions Stabilize finctional cells and structures I.E sheaths around organs |
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Elastic fibers |
Contain elastin Branched, wavy Return to original length after stretching I.e elastic ligaments of vertebrae |
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Ground substance |
Clear colorless and viscous Fills space and slows pathogen movement |
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Embryonic connective tissue |
Not found in adult Has Mesenchyme (embryonic stem cells) |
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Loose connective tissue, what are the 3 types |
The packing material of the body Areolar Adipose Reticular |
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Areolar tissue |
Holds blood vessels and capillary beds I.e under skin |
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Adipose tissue, what are the 2 types? |
Contain many adipocytes (fat cells) White and brown fat |
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White fat |
Mose common stores fat, shock absorber and slows heat loss |
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Brown fat |
More vascularized, used as energy when stimulated by the nervous system |
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Reticular tissue |
Provides support Complex 3D network |
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What are the reticular organs |
Spleen liver lymph nodes and bone marrow |
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What are the 3 Dense connective tissues? |
Dense regular Dense irregular Elastic |
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Dense regular connective tissue |
Tightly packed, parelle collagen fibers Tendons, ligaments |
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Dense irregular connective tissue |
Interwoven network of collagen fibers around cartilages around bones and layer in skin |
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Elastic tissue |
Made if elastic fibers I.e elastic ligaments of spinal vertebrae |
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3 types of cartilage |
Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage |
