A&p Chapter 1

Front 1

Anatomy refers to

Back 1

investigating human structure via dissection and other methods

Front 2

Systemic anatomy refers to anatomical investigation:

Back 2

that approaches the study of the body by systems: groups of organs having a common function

Front 3

Physiology refers to the

Back 3

nature of human function

Front 4

The removal of waste products in the body is achieved by a process know as:

Back 4

excretion

Front 5

Metabolism is the

Back 5

sum total of all physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body

Front 6

Standardizing terminology avoids:

Back 6

terms that are based on a person's name

Front 7

Beginning with the smallest level, the levels of organization of the body are:

Back 7

chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism

Front 8

Molecules are

Back 8

combinations of atoms forming larger chemical aggregates

Front 9

Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of:

Back 9

organelles

Front 10

Blood production is a function of which system

Back 10

skeletal

Front 11

Support and movement are functions of which systems?

Back 11

skeletal and muscular

Front 12

Organelle

Back 12

collections of molecules that perform a function

Front 13

Cells

Back 13

the smallest "living" units of structure and function

Front 14

Tissue

Back 14

many similar cells that act together to perform a common function

Front 15

Organ

Back 15

a group of several different kinds of tissues arranged to perform a special function

Front 16

Systems

Back 16

the most complex units that make up the body

Front 17

In the anatomical position, the subject is:

Back 17

standing with the arms at the sides and palms facing forward

Front 18

The dorsal body cavity contains the:

Back 18

brain and spinal cord

Front 19

The ventral body cavity contains the:

Back 19

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Front 20

The axial portion of the body consists of:

Back 20

head, neck, and torso

Front 21

The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the:

Back 21

lungs

Front 22

The mediastinum contains all of the following except the:

Back 22

lungs

Front 23

Visceral peritoneum would cover which of the following organs?

Back 23

liver

Front 24

A sagittal section would divide the body into:

Back 24

right and left sides

Front 25

A coronal section would divide the body into:

Back 25

front and back portions

Front 26

Inguinal is a term referring to which body organ?

Back 26

groin

Front 27

The stomach is _________ to the diaphragm.

Back 27

inferior

Front 28

The nose is located on the __________ surface of the body.

Back 28

anterior

Front 29

The lungs lie ___________ to the heart.

Back 29

lateral

Front 30

The elbow lies ___________ to the forearm.

Back 30

proximal

Front 31

The skin is _____________ to the muscles below it.

Back 31

superficial

Front 32

A midsagittal plane divides the body into ________ parts.

Back 32

equal

Front 33

A frontal plane divides the body into ____________ sections.

Back 33

anterior and posterior

Front 34

A transverse plane divides the body into ___________ sections.

Back 34

upper and lower

Front 35

A coronal plane may also be referred to as a __________ plane.

Back 35

frontal

Front 36

The regions frequently used by health professionals to locate pain or tumors divide the abdomen into four basic areas called:

Back 36

quadrants

Front 37

A lengthwise plane running from front to back that divides the body into right and left sides is called:

Back 37

sagittal

Front 38

A study of the functions of living organisms and their parts is called:

Back 38

physiology

Front 39

Which of the following structures does not lie within the abdominopelvic cavity?

Back 39

left antecubital region

Front 40

The dorsal body cavity contains components of the:

Back 40

nervous system

Front 41

If your reference point is "nearest the trunk of the body" versus "farthest from the trunk of the body," where does the elbow lie in relation to the wrist?

Back 41

proximal

Front 42

The buttocks are often used as injection sites. This region can also be called:

Back 42

gluteal

Front 43

Which of the following is not a component of the axial subdivision of the body?

Back 43

upper extremity

Front 44

A synonym for medial is:

Back 44

midline

Front 45

The outer region of an organ may often be referred to as the:

Back 45

cortical region

Front 46

4 basic components of control mechanisms

Back 46

sensor mechanism

integrating (control) center

effector mechanism

feedback

Front 47

Sensor mechanism

Back 47

specific sensors detect and react to any changes from normal

Front 48

Integrating (control) center

Back 48

information is analyzed and integrated; if needed, a specific action is then initiated

Front 49

Effector mechanism

Back 49

effectors directly influence controlled physiological variables

Front 50

Feedback

Back 50

process of information about a variable constantly flowing back from the sensor to the integrator

Front 51

Negative feedback control systems

Back 51

most common in the human body, they are inhibitory, stabilize physiological variables, produce an action opposite to the change that activated the system, are responsible for maintaining homeostasis

example: goosbumps

Front 52

Positive feedback control systems

Back 52

are stimulatory, amplify or reinforce the change that is occurring, tend to produce destabilizing effects and disrupt homeostasis, bring specific body functions to swift completion

example: childbirth

Front 53

Feed forward control systems

Back 53

occur when information flows ahead to another process or feedback loop to trigger a change in anticipation of an event that will follow

Front 54

Levels of control

Back 54

Intracellular, intrinsic and extrinsic

Front 55

Intracellular control

Back 55

regulation within cells, genes or enzymes can regulate cell processes

Front 56

intrinsic control (autoregulation)

Back 56

regulation within tissues or organs, may involve chemical signals, may involve other "built in" mechanisms

Front 57

Extrinsic control

Back 57

regulation from organ to organ, may involve nerve signals, may involve endocrine signals (hormones)

Front 58

Ipsilateral

Back 58

structures are on the same side of the body in anatomical position

Front 59

Contralateral

Back 59

structures are on opposite sides of the body in anatomical position

Front 60

Body regions

Back 60

Axial subdivision - head neck torso

Appendicular subdivision - upper and lower extremeties

Front 61

Abdominal regions

Back 61

right hypochondriac region

epigastric region

left hypochondriac region

right lumbar region

umbilical region

left lumbar region

right iliac region

hypogastric region

left iliac region

Front 62

Signs

Back 62

objective indications

Front 63

Symptoms

Back 63

Subjective indications

Front 64

Syndrome

Back 64

collection of grouped indications

Front 65

Acute

Back 65

sudden and short lived

Front 66

Chronic

Back 66

slow to develop and long lived