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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Epidermis
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- Is a keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium
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How many types of cells does the Epidermis have
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-4
1. Keratinocytes 2. Melanocytes 3. Langerhan Cells 4. Merkel Cells |
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Explain Keratinocytes
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- 90% of the epidermal layer
- 4-5 Layers - Produces the protein keratin (protects from heat, microbes and chemicals |
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Explain Melanocytes
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-8% of epidermis
- Melanin is created to form veil over keratinocytes |
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Explain Langerhorn Cells
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-Originate in red blood cells
-Rise to the epidermis as a immune response to microbes |
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Explain Merkel cells
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- Deepest layer of epidermis
- Have flattened process of sensory nerves |
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How many layers are on the finger tips, soles of feet and palms?
How many every where else? |
- 5
- 4 |
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What are the layers of the epidermis?
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- Stratum Basil
- Stratum Spinosum - Stratum Granulosum - Stratum Lucidum - Stratum Corneum - |
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Explain Stratum Basile
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- Base layer
- Single row of cubodial cells - are where new skin cells are made |
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Explain Stratum Spinosum
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- Several layers thick of keratinocytes
- Contains thick bundles of of pre-keratin |
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Explain Stratum granulosum
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- Where cell death occurs
- 3-5 layers thick of flattened cells -Organelles deteriorate and release lipids and keratin |
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Explain stratum lucidum
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-Flat clear dead keratinocytes thickened plasma membrane
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Explain Stratum Corneum
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-20-30 layers
-75% of epidermal - Flat dead sacs containing only keratin dead cells held together by glycolipids |
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What are the layers of the dermis
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1. Papillary
2. Reticular |
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Explain the dermis papillary layer
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- Has loose packed dermal ridges with several blood vessels
- Pappillae form nipples extending into epidermis contain free nerve endings (pain receptors) |
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Explain reticular layer
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-80% of dermis
- Coarse irregularly arranged, dense fibrous connective tissue - Collagen fibers form tension lines -Flexure lines |
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Explain flexure lines
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- Dermal folds that appear at joints
- Dermis folds and creates deep skin lines |
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What 3 factors cause skin color
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1. Melanin tan and black
2. Caratin yellow orange pigment 3. Hemoglobin red flush tone |
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What are the 2 skin types
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1. thin
2. thick |
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Explain thin skin
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- Contain hairs
- .1- .5 mm thick -Has arector pili muscles that cause hair to stand up |
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What are the 4 sweat glands
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1. Eccrine sweat glands
2. Apocrine sweat glands 3. Ceruminous sweat glands 4. Mammary glands |
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Explain Eccrine
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-abundant on palms, soles, forehead
- Simple coiled tubular gland - 99% water with some salts, vit C, antibodies, traces of waste |
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Explain apocrine sweat glands
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- 2000 total
- Sex scent glands deep in the dermis excreted through hair follicles |
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Explain ceruminous glands
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- found in middle ear
-produce wax |
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Explain Mammary glands
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- Produce milk
- Part of integumentary system |
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Explain sebacious glands
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-Oil glands
-located at base of hair follicle excreted by arector pili - Has anti-bacterial factor -Lubricates skin |
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What are the parts of the hair
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1. Hair bulb
2. Hair root 3. Sebaceous gland 4. Arrector pili 5. Hair shaft |
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What are the parts of hair root
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1. cuticle
2. cortex 3. medulla 4. hair matrix 5. hair papilla 6. melanocyte |
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What are the parts of the hair follicle wall
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1. Internal epithellial root sheath
2. External epithelial root sheath 3. Glassy membrane 4. Connective tissue root sheath |
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Explain hair growth cycle
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- 6- 10 years of growth
- A few months off Grows at 2.5 mm per weak |
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Explain hair color
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1. Black caused by lots of pigment
2. Red/ yellows caused by iron with airy spaces 3. Grey caused by lack or loss of pigment follicle filled with air |
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What are the parts of the nail
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1. Nail matrix
2. Root 3. Proximal nail fold 4. Cuticle 5. Lunule 6. Nail bed 7. Body 8. Free edge |
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What is the area where dirt and debris normally accumulates under free edge
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- Hyponychium
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