A&p Ch.8 Tissues

Front 1

a group of similar cells that perform a common function is called ___

Back 1

tissue

Front 2

a nonliving intercellular material is called ___

Back 2

matirx

Front 3

the 5 types of tissues are ___

Back 3

1. epithelial tissue

2. connective tissue

3. muscle tissue

4. nervous tissue

5. embryonic development tissues

Front 4

the 2 types of embryonic development tissues are ___

Back 4

1. primary germ layers

2. histogenesis

Front 5

there are 3 types of germ layers. what are they?

Back 5

1. endoderm

2. mesoderm

3. ectoderm

Front 6

the primary layer of cells that form during embryogenesis is called ___

Back 6

germ layers

Front 7

the process of the primary germ layers differentiating into different kinds of tissue is called ___

Back 7

histogenesis

Front 8

differentiating is ___

Back 8

Grouping together

Front 9

how do tissues form? (name them in order)

Back 9

from cells -> germ layers -> tissues

Front 10

the GLUE of cells is the ___

Back 10

Extacellular matrix

Front 11

what is a complex, nonliving material between cells in a tissue?

Back 11

extracellular matrix (ECM)

Front 12

some tissues have a large amount of ___; . other tissues have hardly any.

Back 12

ECM

Front 13

different kinds of components give ___; in different tissues of a variety of characteristics

Back 13

ECM

Front 14

what are 2 the componenets of ECM?

Back 14

1. water

2. proteins

Front 15

these are the 3 functions of ___

1. helps bind tissues together

2. allows local communication among ECM and various cells through connection with intergrins in plasma membranes

3. coordination of cell and tissue
development

Back 15

ECM

Front 16

what are the 2 epitheial types?

Back 16

1. membranous (covering or lining) epithelim

2. glandular epithelium

Front 17

the ___; ___; covers the body and some of its parts and lines the serous cavities; blood and lymphatic vessels; and respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary tracts?

Back 17

membranous epithelium

Front 18

the ___; ___; are secretory units of endocrine and exocrine gland

Back 18

glandular epithelium

Front 19

what produces (example: saliva, sweat and teardrops)?

Back 19

exocrines

Front 20

what are the 5 functions of the epithelial tissue?

Back 20

1. protection

2. sensory functions - nerves underneth

3. secretion

4. absorption

5. excretion

Front 21

what tissue has limited amounts of matrix material?

Back 21

epithelial tissue

Front 22

what tissue has membranous type attached to a basement membrane?

Back 22

epithelial tissue

Front 23

what tissue is avascular (without blood vessles)?

Back 23

epithelial tissue

Front 24

what tissue have cells in close proximity, with many desmosomes and tight junctions?

Back 24

epithelial tissue

Front 25

what tissue is capable of reproduction?

Back 25

epithelial tissue

Front 26

membranous epithelium is a ___; or ___

Back 26

covering or lining

Front 27

what are the 4 types cell shape of the membranous epithelium?

Back 27

1. squamous

2. cuboidal

3. columnar

4. pseudostratified columnar

Front 28

simple cell shape are ___ layered

Back 28

one / single

Front 29

stratified cells are ___ layered

Back 29

multi

Front 30

describe the layers of cells and location of simple squamous epithelium

Back 30

cell shape: one flat cell layer , scalelike

location: endothelium, which lines blood vessels; mesothelim, which lines pleura

Front 31

describe the layers of cells and location of simple cuboidal epithelium

Back 31

cell shape: one layer of cube shaped cell

location: found in many glands and ducts

Front 32

describe the layers of cells and location of columnar epithelium

Back 32

cell shape: single layer of tall, colum-shaped cell

location: often lines hollow visceral structures. lines the stomach, intestine, uterus, uterine tubes and parts of the respiratory tract

Front 33

describe the layers of cells and location of pseudostarified columnar epithelium

Back 33

cell shape: columnar cells of differing heights

location: found lining air passages and segments of male reproductive system

Front 34

epithelial cells that produce and secrets large amount of mucus is called ___

Back 34

goblet cells

Front 35

name the 5 stratified epithelium types?

Back 35

1. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

2. nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

3. stratified cuboidal epithelium

4. stratified columnar epithelium

5. transitional epithelium

Front 36

describe the layers of cells and location of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Back 36

cell shape: has multiple layers of flat, squamous cells

location: covering outer skin on the body surface

Front 37

describe the location and function of nonkeratinized stratifies squamous epithelium

Back 37

location: lines the vagina, mouth and esophagus

function: primary function is protection

Front 38

describe the layers of cells and location of stratified cuboidal epithelium

Back 38

cell shape: has two or more rows of cells are typical

location: in the sweat gland ducts

Front 39

describe the layers of cells and location of stratified columnar epithelium

Back 39

cell shape: has multiple layers of columnar cells

location: in the segments of male urethra and near anus

Front 40

describe the location and function of transitional epithelium

Back 40

location: in the lining of hollow viscera subjected to stress (urinary bladder)

function: protects organ walls from tearing

Front 41

name the epithelium

___ is specialized for secretory activity such as:

exocrine glands and endocrine glands

Back 41

glandular epithelium

Front 42

exocrine glands diescharge secrestion into ___

Back 42

ducts

Front 43

endocrine glands are ___ and discharge secretions directly into blood or interstitial fluid

Back 43

ductless

Front 44

what are the 3 types of exocrine glands?

Back 44

1. apocrine glands

2. holocrine glands

3. merocrine glands

Front 45

describe the functions and location of apocrine glands

Back 45

function: secretory products collect near apex of cell and are secreted by pinching off the distended end

location: mammary glands are a good example

Front 46

describe the layers of cells and location of holocrine glands

Back 46

function: secretion products, when released, cause rupture and death of the cell

location: sebaceous (skin oil) glands are holocrine- cells need to break up to complete the function

Front 47

describe the layers of cells and location of memocrine glands

Back 47

function: secrete directly through cell membrane

location: most numerous gland type

Front 48

what are the 4 general functions of the connective tissue?

Back 48

1. connects

2. supports

3. transports

4. protects

Front 49

what is the general characteristics of connective tissues?

Back 49

ECM predominates in most connective tissues and determins its physical characteristics

Front 50

what are the 4 types of connective tissues?

Back 50

1. fibrous

2. adipose

3. reticular

4. dense

Front 51

what are the 4 types of fibrous of the connctive tissue?

Back 51

1. loose (areolar)

2. adipose

3. reticular

4. dense

Front 52

what are the 2 types of dense fibrous?

Back 52

1. irregular

2. regular (collagenous and elastic)

Front 53

what are the 2 types of bones of the connective tissue?

Back 53

1. compact bone

2. cancellous bone

Front 54

what are the 3 types of cartilage of the connective tissues?

Back 54

1. hyaline

2. fibrocartilage

3. elastic

Front 55

what is the description and function of loose (areolar) connective tissue

Back 55

description: it is one of the most widely distributed of all tissues

functions: stretchy, flexible connection

Front 56

what is the description and function of adipose tissue

Back 56

description: forms framework of spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow

functions: protection, insulation, support, and food reserve

Front 57

what is the description and function of reticular tissue

Back 57

description: forms framework of spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow

functions: defense against microorganisms and other injurious substances; reticular meshwork filters out injurious particles and reticular cells phagocytose them

Front 58

what is dense fibrous tissue?

Back 58

a matrix that mainly consists of densely packed fibers and relatively few fibroblasts cells

Front 59

what are the 5 fucntions of bone tissue?

Back 59

1. support

2. protection

3. point of attachment for muscles

4. reservoir for minerals

5. supports blood-forming tissue

Front 60

ossification is (___)

Back 60

formation

Front 61

what is the only cell present in cartilage?

Back 61

chondrocyte

Front 62

describe avascular in cartilage

Back 62

nutrition of cells depends on diffusion of nutrients throug matrix

Front 63

what are the cartilage?

Back 63

1. hyaline

2. fibrocartilage

3. elastic

Front 64

describe and locate hyaline cartilage

Back 64

description: appearance is shiny and translucent and it is the most prevatent type of cartilage

location: on the ends of articulating bones

Front 65

describe and locate fibrocartilage

Back 65

description: it is the strongest and most durable type of cartilage that serves as shock-absorbing material between bones at the knee

location: in the intervertebral disks and pubic symphysis

Front 66

describe and locate elastic cartilage

Back 66

description: provides strength and flexibility

location: in the external ear and larynx

Front 67

what is the function of nervous tissue?

Back 67

rabid regulation and integration of body activities

Front 68

what are the 2 special characteristics of the nervous system?

Back 68

1. excitability

2. conductivity

Front 69

what are the 3 types of organs of the nervous tissue?

Back 69

1. brain

2. spinal cord

3. nerves

Front 70

what are the 2 cell types of the nervous tissue?

Back 70

1. neuron

2. neuroglia

Front 71

what's the function of the neurons in the nervous system?

Back 71

conducting of the system

Front 72

what are the 2 processes of neurons?

Back 72

1. axon

2. dendrite

Front 73

what is the function of neuroglia?

Back 73

it is special connecting, supporting, coordinating cells that surround neurons

Front 74

location of simple squamous

Back 74

aleoli of lungs

-lining of blood and lymphatic vessels (called endothelium; classified as connective tissue by some histologists)

-surface layer of the pleura pericardium, and peritoneum (called mesothelium; classified as connective tissue by some histologists)

Front 75

location of nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Back 75

surface of the mucous membrane lining the urinary bladder and uterus

Front 76

location of keratinized stratified squamous

Back 76

surface of the skin (epidermis)

Front 77

location of transitional

Back 77

surface of the mucous membrane lining the urinary bladder and uterus

Front 78

location of simple columnar

Back 78

surface layer of the mucous lining of the stomach, intestines, and part of the respiratory tract

Front 79

location of pseudostratidied columnar

Back 79

surfaace of the musous membrane lining the trachea, large bronchi, nasal mucosa, and partsof the male reproductive tract (epididymis and vas deferens) lines the large ducts of some glands (parotid)

Front 80

location of simple cuboidal

Back 80

ducts and tubules of many organs, including the exocrine glands and kidneys

Front 81

location of stratified cuboidal/columnar

Back 81

ducts of the sweat glands and mammary glands; including exocrine glands and kidneys

Front 82

location of loose fibrous (areolar)

Back 82

between other tissues and organs

superficial fascia

Front 83

location of adipose (fat)

Back 83

under skin

padding at various points

Front 84

location of reticular

Back 84

inner framework of spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow

Front 85

location of irregular dense fibrous

Back 85

deep fascia, dermis, scars; capsule of kidney, spleen, lymph nodes etc.

Front 86

location of compact bone

Back 86

skeleton (outer shell of bones)

Front 87

location of cancellous bone

Back 87

skeleton (inside bones)

Front 88

location of hyaline

Back 88

part of nasal septm covering articular surfaces of bones, larynx, rings in trachea and bronchi

Front 89

location of fibrocartilage

Back 89

disks between vertebrae, pubic symphysis

Front 90

location of elastic cartilage

Back 90

external ear or eustachian or auditory tube

Front 91

location of blood

Back 91

blood vessels

Front 92

___ (latin, "scaly") cells are flat and platelike.

Back 92

squamous

Front 93

___ cells, as the name inmplies, are cube-shaped and have more cytoplasm than the scalelike squamous do.

Back 93

cuboidal

Front 94

___ epithelial cells have more height than width and thys appear narrow and cylinrical

Back 94

columnar

Front 95

Location of loose fibrous

Back 95

Between other tissues and organs. Superficial fascia