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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dendrites |
-Highly branched -central nervous system receives most of its information via dendrites |
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Synapse |
Specialized site where a neuron communicates with another cell -presynaptic cell -postsynaptic cell |
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Bipolar neuron |
They're really tiny - two processes separated by cell body dendrite process Axon -occur in special sense organs -the body is in the middle |
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Unipolar neuron |
Much longer -dendrites and axon are continuous -the cell body is off to the side -deliver sensory information to central nervous system -axons may be one meter long |
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Multipolar neuron |
Most common -two or more dendrites and a single Axon -all motor neurons that control skeletal muscle |
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Ependymal cells |
Produce, monitor and circulate cerebrospinal fluid |
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Microglia |
Remove cellular debris, waste products and pathogens from central nervous system by phagocytosis |
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Astrocytes |
Maintain blood brain barrier -form scar tissue after csn injury |
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Oliodendrocytes |
Only in CSN -Produce myelin sheath Internodes (myleon) white Nodes (no myleon) grey |
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Schwann cells |
PNS neuroglia that form myelin sheath around peripheral axons -neurilemma (outer layer of sheath) |
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Satellite cells |
Surrounds neuron cell bodies in PNS - form ganglia (when a lot come together) -regulate environment around neurons |
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Sensory neurons |
Apharent (acending) |
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Interneurons |
Transmits impulses through one neuron to the next |
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Motor neurons |
Epharent (decending) |
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Membrane potential |
Inside slightly negative -outside slightly positive |
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Membrane channels |
K+ diffuse out Na+ diffuse in Na+ and K+ pump - activity pumps 3Na+ out for 2k+ in |
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Role of membrane potential |
Resting potential graded potential- when hit it stays localized -action potential (travels) -synaptic activity (release neurotransmitters across cell) |
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Action potential |
Depolarization and repolarization |
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Continuous propagation |
Action potential propagated slowly along the axon -occurs in unmyelinated axons |
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Saltatory propogation |
In myelinated axons Faster (jumps from node to node) |
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Acetylcholine (ACh) |
Releases neuromuscular junctions |
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Norepinephrine |
Attention and consciousness |
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Epinephrine |
Like adrelenon Excitatoey |
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Serotonin |
Emotional state, moods |
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Steps |
1.Action potential arrives at axon terminal -depolarizes terminal -neurotransmitters released 2.calcium channels open -calcium enters -ACh released 3.ACh diffuses across synaptic cleft -binds to closed na+ channels -with large enough depolarization, action potential occurs 4.AChE breaks down excess ACh in synaptic cleft -propagation |
