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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Contains the lips and cheeks, hard and soft palates, salivary glands, tongue, teeth, and perdontium |
Oral cavity
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An elongated mandible, or a mandible that is overshot _ sometimes called sow mouth. |
Prognathia
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A shortened mandible or a mandible that is undershot - sometimes called parrot mouth.
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brachygnathia
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Medical term for lips
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labia
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Means pertains to the cheek
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buccal
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Forms the roof of the mouth - consists of two parts (hard and soft)
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palate
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Forms the bony rostal portion of the palate - is covered with specialized mucous membrane
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Hard palate
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Wrinkles or folds in organ tissue
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Rugae |
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Forms the flexible caudal portion of the palate - is involved in closing off the nasal passage during swallowing so food does not move into the nostrils.
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soft palate |
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Elevations on the dorsum (top) of the tongue
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papillae |
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Threadlike papillae
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filiform
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mushroom shaped papillae
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fungiform
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cup-shaped papillae
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vallate
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The connective tissue that connects the to tongue to the ventral surface of the oral cavity
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Frenulum
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Side adjacent to the tongue
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lingual surface
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Term referring to the teeth as a whole, that is , the teeth arranged in the maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) arcades
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Dentition
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The temporary teeth that erupt in young animals and are replaced at or near maturity
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Deciduous Dentition
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The set of teeth designed to last the lifetime of an animal
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Permanent Dentition
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A deciduous tooth that has not been shed
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retained deciduous tooth
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Front tooth used for cutting; abbreviated I
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incisor
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long, pointed bonelike tooth located between the incisors and premolars; also called fang and cuspid; abbreviated C
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Canine
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Dental term meaning having one point
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cuspid
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cheek tooth found between the canine teeth and molars; abbreviated P
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premolar
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mostly caudally located permanent cheek tooth used for grinding; comes from the Latin tem for grind - abbreviated M
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molar
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Shorthand used to represent the type of tooth and number of each tooth found in that species
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Dental Formula
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premolars and molars are also known as |
cheek teeth |
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Deciduous canines and third incisor in pigs are also known as |
needle teeth |
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The rudimentary premolar 1 in horses is commonly called |
wolf's teeth |
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The first set of teeth are also called |
milk teeth |
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Permanent canine teeth of pigs are also called |
tusk |
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The large shearing cheek tooth; upper P4 and lower M1 in dgos; upper P3 and lower M1 in cats are also called |
Carnassial teeth |
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The set of six teeth in llamas that include upper vestigial incisors and upper and lower canines on each side are called |
Fighting teeth |
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The hard white substance covering the dentin of the crown of the tooth |
Enamel |
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The bonelike connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth |
Cementum |
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The connective tissue surrounding the tooth pulp |
Dentin |
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Consist of nerves, blood vessels, and loos connective tissue. |
pulp |
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The hole at the tip of the root where nerves and blood vessels enter the tooth |
apical foramen |
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The structures that support the teeth. |
Peridontia |
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Saclike dilations or sockets that the teeth are situated in |
alveolar bone |
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The fibrous structure that holds the tooth in the alveolus |
periodontal ligament |
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The mucous membrane that surrounds the teeth and forms the mouth lining |
gingiva |
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The space that surrounds the tooth - located between the tooth and the gingival margin |
gingival sulcus |
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A group of cells located in the oral cavity that secrete a clear substance containing digestive enzymes |
Salivary glands |
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Moistens food, begins the digestive process by aiding in the bolus formation and some digestive enzyme activity (amylase in some animal species), and cleanses the mouth. |
Saliva |
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Salivary glands found near the mandible |
Mandibular salivary glands |
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Salivary glands found under the tongue |
sublingual salivary glands |
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Salivary glands found medial to the zygomatic arch |
zygomatic salivary glands |
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Salivary glands found near the ear |
parotid salivary glands |
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Medical term for chewing, makes food easier to swallow by breaking it into smaller pieces and by increasing the surface area of food particles or ingesta |
mastication |
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Material taken in orally |
Ingesta |
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Excessive production of saliva also called ptyalism or hypersialosis |
Hypersalivation |
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The medical term for the process of swallowing |
deglutition |
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A collapsible, muscular tube that leads from the oral cavity to the stomach, located dorsal to the trachea |
esophagus |
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The esophagus enters the stomach through an opening that is surrounded by a |
sphincter |
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The cavity located between the diaphragm and the pelvis |
Abdomen |
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The membrane lining that covers the abdominal and pelvic cavities and some of the organs in that area |
peritoneum |
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The layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
parietal peritoneum |
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The layer of the peritoneum that covers the abdominal organs |
visceral peritoneum |
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The stomach is connected to other visceral organs by a fold of the peritoneum called ___________ and to the dorsal abdominal wall by another fold of peritoneum called __________ |
Lesser omentum, Greater omentum |
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These animals have one true, or glandular, stomach |
monogastric |
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These animals have one true, or glandular, stomach AND three forestomachs (the rumen, reticulum, and omasum) |
ruminant |
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Entrance area to the stomach, located nearest the esophagus |
Cardia |
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Base of the stomach, which is the cranial, rounded part |
Fundus |
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The main portion of the stomach, which is the rounded base or bottom; also called the body |
corpus |
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The caudal part which is the constricted part of the stomach that joins the pylorus. |
antrum |
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The narrow passage between the stomach and the duodenum |
pylorus |
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The folds present in the mucosa of the stomach |
rugae |
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Ruminants are animals that can __________ and ____________ their food
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regurgitate, remasticate
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Normal microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract are called
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intestinal flora
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The largest compartment of the ruminant stomach that serves as a fermentation vat; also called the paunch
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rumen
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The most cranial compartment of the ruminant stomach; also called the honeycomb because it's lined with a mucous membrane that contains numerous intersecting ridges
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reticulum
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The third compartment of the ruminant stomach, has short, blunt papillae that grind food before it enters the abomasum
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omasum
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The fourth compartment if the ruminant stomach; also called the true stomach. The glandular portion of the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes
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abomasum
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The small intestine is attached to the dorsal abdominal wall by a fold or the peritoneum called the
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mesentery
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The study of the stomach and small intestine.
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Gastroenterology
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The process of bringing up food from the stomach to the mouth for further chewing.
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Rumination
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The four steps of Rumination are
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Regurgitation, Remastication, Resalivation, and Redeglutition
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An animal that is able to sustain life by eating only plants
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herbivore
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An animal that sustains life by eating plant and animal tissue
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omnivore
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An animal that is able to sustain life by eating only animal tissue
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carnivore
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proximal or first portion of the small intestine. The proximal portion is also known as the most oral.
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duodenum
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The middle portion of the small intestine.
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jejunum
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The distal or last portion of the small intestine. The distal portion is also known as the most aboral portion or furthest from the mouth
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ileum
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The milky substance formed when food is digested in the small intestine.
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chyle
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Food enters a pouch , called a _________, from the ileum
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cecum
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The medical term for the main or largest portion of the large intestine
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colon
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The caudal portion of the large intestines
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rectum
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Term meaning pertaining to the anus and rectum
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Anorectal
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Pouches of skin between the internal and external anal sphincters in cats and dogs. Secretes a foul-smelling fluid
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anal sacs
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The part of the colon that progresses upward or cranially
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Ascending colon
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The part of the colon that travels across the body
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Transverse colon
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The part of the colon that progresses downward, or caudally.
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Descending colon
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The bend in the colon near the pelvis
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pelvic flexure
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The bend in the colon near the diaphragm
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diaphragmatic flexure
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In the liver glucose(sugar) is stored as
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glycogen
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The condition of low blood sugar
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hypoglycemia
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Medical term for liver cells
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hepatocytes
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Channels in the liver
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sinusoids
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Functional elements of a tissue or organ
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parenchyma
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Medical term for pertaining to bile
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biliary
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Alkalinizes the small intestine, the salts play a part in fat digestion
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Bile
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Medical term for fat digestion
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emulsification
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pigment produced from the destruction of hemoglobin that is released by the liver in bile
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bilirubin
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Medical term for pertaining to the gallbladder
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Cholecystic
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Medical term for common bile duct
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Choledochus
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An elongated gland located near the cranial portion of the duodenum.
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pancreas
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An enzyme that digest protein |
Trypsin
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An enzyme that digest fat
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lipase
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A n enzyme that digest carbohydrates
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amylase
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The process of breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can use |
Digestion
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Substances that chemically change another substance
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Enzyme
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The processes involved in the body's use of nutrients |
Metabolism
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The building of body cells and substances
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Anabolism
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The breaking down of body cells and substances
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Catabolism
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The process of taking digested nutrients into the circulatory system
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Absorbtion
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A substance that is necessary for normal functioning of the body |
nutrient
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Tiny, hair-like projections of the small intestine
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vili
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Blind sacs or valleys in the small intestine |
crypts
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Grasping of food, involves collecting food in the oral cavity. |
Prehension |
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Breaking food into smaller pieces and mixing the ingesta with saliva. |
Mastication |
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Moving chewed ingesta into the pharynx and into the esophagus. Also known as swallowing. |
Deglutition |
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The series of wavelike contractions of the smooth muscles. Exp: Food moves down the esophagus through gravity and this. |
Peristalsis |
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The true or glandular stomach contains these four gastric juices |
Hydrochloric acid, protease, pepsin, and lipase. |
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Term for ingesta mixed with gastric juices |
Chyme |
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The process of mixing the food contents in the digestive tract to create a more uniform mixture throughout |
Segmentation |
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Digested food absorbed in the small intestine via this, also known as absorption. |
Assimilation |
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The emptying of the bowels. |
Defecation |
