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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cytology |
Study of cells |
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Role of cells |
-can live independently -basic unit of life -have all characteristics of life |
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Plasma Membrane |
-encloses cell contents -participates in cellular activity (things pass through it) |
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Bilateral structure of plasma membrane |
-phospholipid (lipid) -cholesterol -protein |
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Largest organelle in cells |
Nucleus (control center) |
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Nucleus contains... |
Chromosomes and nucleolus |
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Do Red Blood Cells have a nucleus? |
No |
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Cytoplasm |
Material that fills the cell from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane, ER, Ribosomes, mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Vesicles, Centrioles |
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Cytosol |
Liquid part of cytoplasm |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum |
Transportation; network of rough ER and smooth ER |
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Rough ER |
Sorts proteins |
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Smooth ER |
Responsible for synthesis of lipids |
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Ribosomes |
-float around -free in cytoplasm -attach to rough ER -synthesize proteins |
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Golgi Apparatus |
Sorts proteins and ships out of the cell or elsewhere in the cell -"GO"lgi- "GO" somewhere else |
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Mitochondria |
Energy plants of the cell "Might" where you get your strength |
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Lysosomes |
Digestive organelle Little sacs that eat things in cell |
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Peroxisomes |
Clean up harmful substances -"Perox"- "Peroxide" |
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Vesicles |
Store or move stuff out of the cell in bulk -vessel for moving product out of cell |
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Centrioles |
Help separate chromosomes during cell division |
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Surface organelles |
-structures projecting from the cell surface used for motion -cilia -flagellum |
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Cellular diversity |
Individual cells vary widely -size -shape -function |
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"Cell shape related to... |
Cell function" |
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Protein Synthesis |
Cellular substances that direct the production of proteins |
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DNA And RNA have ___________ structures |
Similar |
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Nucleotides |
Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T) or Uracil (U) |
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Nucleotides composed of |
Sugar, ribose or deoxyribose, phosphate, and nitrogen base |
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DNA in cells occur mainly in.... |
Chromosomes -Genes are subdivisions of chromosomes -genes code for the building of amino acids |
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Role of RNA |
Protein synthesis -Transcription (copy) -Messenger RNA -Translation -transfer RNA (tRNA) -Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
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Meiosis |
Sex cells |
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Mitosis |
Somatic cells |
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Stem cells |
Becomes whatever they are around |
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Stages of mitosis |
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
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Prophase |
Chromosomes try to separate Centrioles separated in prophase (polar) |
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Metaphase |
Chromosomes line up in middle |
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Anaphase |
Start pulling apart |
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Telophase |
Titties. Cleavage |
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Interphase |
In between, beginning and end |
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Travel across membrane is based on.... |
-molecular size -solubility -electrical charge |
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Movement that does not require energy |
Passive transport |
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Diffusion |
Passive; high concentration to low concentration Particles |
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Oamosis |
Diffusion; high concentration to low concentration Water |
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Filtration |
Everything passes through, stops big molecules |
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Facilitated diffusion |
Needs something to pull it across |
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Movement that requires energy |
Active transport |
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Endocytosis |
Inside |
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Phagocytosis |
Engulfing; endocytosis |
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Pinocytosis |
Cell drinking; endocytosis |
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Exocytosis |
Outside |
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Isotonic |
Cells not affected |
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Hypotonic |
Less that fluid in body; cells swell and burst RBC=hemolysis |
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Hypertonic |
Cells lose water and shrink Crenation More fluid than in the body |
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As cells multiply, changes occur that may lead to their |
Damage or death |
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What may change cells? |
Free radical energy Enzyme energy Gene alteration or mutation Slowing cell activity Apoptosis-programmed death of cells |
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Where is DNA located? |
Almost entirely in nucleus |
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Where is RNA located? |
Almost entirely in cytoplasm |
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Composition of DNA? |
A, G, C, and T Sugar, and deoxyribose |
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Composition of RNA? |
A, G, C, And U Sugar and ribose |
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Is DNA double or single stranded? |
Double helix with A-T and C-G |
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Is RNA a double or single strand? |
Single strand |
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Function of DNA |
Makes up the chromosomes, hereditary units that control all cellular activities, divided into genes that carry the nucleotide codes for the manufacture of proteins |
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Function of RNA? |
Manufacture proteins according to the codes carried in the DNA; three main types: mRNA, rRNA, or tRNA |
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Channels |
Pores in the membrane that allow passage of specific substances, such as ions |
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Transporters |
Proteins that change in shape as they shuttle substances, such as glucose, across the membrane |
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Receptors |
Allow for attachment of substances, such as hormones, to the membrane |
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Enzymes |
Participate in reactions at the membrane surface |
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Linkers |
Help stabilize the plasma membrane and attach cells together |
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Cell identity markers |
Proteins unique to a person's cells; important in the immune system and in transplantation of tissue from one person to another |
