A&p Ch 10 Nervous System Intro

Front 1

A peptide in the brain that functions as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator

Back 1

Neuropeptide

Front 2

A neuron that transmits an impulse from a receptor to the central nervous system

Back 2

Sensory Neuron

Front 3

The loss of an electrical charge on the surface of a membrane

Back 3

Depolarization

Front 4

A type of neuroglial cell that surrounds a fiber of a peripheral nerve forming the neurilemmal sheath and myelin

Back 4

Schwann Cell

Front 5

The sequence of electrical charges occuring when a nerve cell membrane is exposed to a stimulus that exceeds it's threshold

Back 5

Action Potential

Front 6

The junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another neuron

Back 6

Synapse

Front 7

Neuroglial cells that support neurons and phagocytize

Back 7

Microglia

Front 8

Site on the neuron where an action potential is generated

Back 8

Trigger Zone

Front 9

Fine cytoplasmic threads that extend from one cell body into the processes of neurons

Back 9

Neurofibrils

Front 10

An atom carrying a negative charge due to an extra electron

Back 10

Anion

Front 11

A neuropeptide synthesized in the pitutary gland that supresses pain

Back 11

Endorphine

Front 12

In increase in the negativity of the resting potential of a cell membrane

Back 12

Hyperpolarization

Front 13

A substance that inhibits the action of the enzyme monoamine oxidase

Back 13

Monoamine Inhibitor

Front 14

Nerve impulses arriving at the same neuron

Back 14

Convergence

Front 15

Nerve fiber that transmits impulses toward a neuron cell body

Back 15

Dendrite

Front 16

The portions of the nervous system outside the central nervous system

Back 16

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Front 17

A short region of exposed (unmyelinated) axon between schwann cells on neurons of the peripheral nervous system

Back 17

Node of Ranvier

Front 18

A spreading apart

Back 18

Divergence

Front 19

The difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of an undisturbed nerve cell membrane

Back 19

Resting Potential

Front 20

A nerve cell whose body has only 2 processes 1 an axon and the other a dendrite

Back 20

Bipolar Neuron

Front 21

A muscle or gland that responds to stimulation

Back 21

Effector

Front 22

Portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and the spinal cord

Back 22

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Front 23

A type of neuroglial cell that connects neurons to blood vessels

Back 23

Astrocyte

Front 24

A bundle of nerve fibers in the PNS

Back 24

Nerve

Front 25

A thin process of a neuron (i.e.,axon,dendrite)

Back 25

Nerve Fiber

Front 26

A nerve fiber that conducts a nerve impulse away from a neuron cell body

Back 26

Axon

Front 27

A specialized dendrite that detects a particular stimulus and fires an action potential in response which is transmitted to the central nervous system

Back 27

Sensory Receptor

Front 28

Sheath on the outside of some nerve fibers formed from schwann cells

Back 28

Neurolimma

Front 29

The hastening of any natural process increasing effeciency of the natural process

Back 29

Facilitation

Front 30

Fatty material that forms a sheath like covering around some nerve fibers

Back 30

Myelin

Front 31

The electrochemical process of depolarization and repolarization along a nerve fiber

Back 31

Nerve Impulse

Front 32

A structure usually protein at the distal end of a sensory dendrite that can be stimulated

Back 32

Receptor

Front 33

A neuron that has a single nerve fiber extending from it's cell

Back 33

Unipolar Neuron

Front 34

A substance that alters a neurons response to a neurotransmitter

Back 34

Neuromodulator

Front 35

Unit used to measure differences in electrical potential

Back 35

Volt

Front 36

A membrane composed of neuroglial cells that lines the ventricles of the brain

Back 36

Ependyma

Front 37

A wave of depolarization conducted along a nerve fiber or muscle fiber

Back 37

Impulse

Front 38

A type of neuroglial cell that connects neurons to blood vessels and forms myelin

Back 38

Oligodendrocyte

Front 39

The action resulting from a stimulus

Back 39

Response

Front 40

Nerve impulse conduction that seems to jump from one node to the next

Back 40

Saltatory Conduction

Front 41

Returning the cell membrane potential to resting potential

Back 41

Repolarization

Front 42

One of the 2 adjacent neurons transmitting an impulse cell situated before the synapse cross

Back 42

Presynaptic neuron

Front 43

A neuropeptide that occurs in the brain and spinal cord it inhibits pain impulses

Back 43

Enkephalin

Front 44

Membranous sacs within the cytoplasm of nerve cells that have ribosomes attached to their surfaces

Back 44

Nissl Bodies

Front 45

A neuron located between a sesnory neuron and a motor neuron; intercalated; internuncial; or association neuron

Back 45

Interneuron

Front 46

A nerve cell that consists of a cell body and it's processes

Back 46

Neuron

Front 47

Developement of an electrical charge on the surface of a cell membrane due to an unequal disturbance of ions on either side of the membrane

Back 47

Polarization

Front 48

A tiny enlargement at the end of an axon that secretes a neurotransmitter

Back 48

Synaptic Knob

Front 49

Communication of an impulse from one neuron to the next

Back 49

Synaptic Transmission

Front 50

Transport of substances from the neuron cell body to an axon terminal

Back 50

Axonal Transport

Front 51

Nerve cell that has many processes arising from it's cell body

Back 51

Multipolar Neuron

Front 52

Portion of a nerve cell includes a cytomplasmic mass and a nucleus and from which the nerve fibers extend

Back 52

Cell Body

Front 53

Specialized cell of the nervous system that produces myelin

Back 53

Neuroglial Cells

Front 54

Portion of the nervous system that controls the viscera

Back 54

Autonomic Nervous System

Front 55

Neuron that transmits impulses from central nervous system to an effector

Back 55

Motor Neuron

Front 56

Group of myelinated axons that give parts of the brain a white color

Back 56

White Matter

Front 57

Group of unmyelinated axons that give parts of the brain a gray color

Back 57

Gray Matter

Front 58

when the myelin coating becomes inflamed and is destroyed leaving scars that block neurons from transmitting

Back 58

Multiple Sclerosis