A&p - Ch. 5 - Integumentary System

Front 1

What are some of the ways the skin performs it's main function? (protection)

Back 1

* Insulates & cushions
* Protects from mechanical, chemical, thermal & bacterial damage
* Prevents water loss
* Regulates heat loss

Front 2

What are other functions of the skin (aside from protection)?

Back 2

* Excretion
* Metabolism
* Cutaneous sense

Front 3

What are the main regions of the skin?

Back 3

* Epidermis (superficial)
* Dermis

Hypodermis/superficial fascia is right below the dermis, but not considered part of the skin.

Front 4

What two types of tissue is the skin made of?

Back 4

Epithelial and connective

Front 5

Define the epidermis structurally.

Back 5

* Avascular
* Keratinized
* Stratified squamous epithelium
* 4 or 5 distinct layers
* 4 cell types

Front 6

Describe keratin

Back 6

Fibrous protein that gives the epidermis its durability and protective capabilities

Most abundant epidermal cell.

Front 7

What is a freckle?

Back 7

A concentration of melanin in one spot.

Front 8

What is a Langerhans' cell?

Back 8

A phagocytic cell found in the epidermis that plays a role in immunity.

Front 9

What are Merkel cells?

Back 9

Together with sensory nerve endings, they form sensitive touch receptors called Merkel discs.

Front 10

What are the five layers of the epidermis?

Back 10

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

(deep to superficial)

Front 11

Which layer of the epidermis has cells that are constantly undergoing mitotic cell division?

Back 11

Stratum basale (stratum 'germinativum')

Front 12

Which two layers of the epidermis receive adequate nutrition via diffusion from the dermis?

Back 12

Stratum basale & stratum spinosum.

Front 13

Which layer of the epidermis is NOT present in regions of thin skin?

Back 13

The stratum lucidum.

Front 14

Which epidermal layer has 20 to 30 cell layers?

Back 14

Stratum corneum.

Front 15

Dermis is which type of tissue?

Back 15

Dense irregular connective tissue.

Front 16

What are the two layers of the dermis?

Back 16

Papillary and reticular (from superficial to deep)

Front 17

What is responsible for finger prints?

Back 17

The dermal papillae (of the papillary layer of the dermis). They attach the dermis to the epidermis.

Front 18

What are Pacinian corpuscles?

Back 18

Pressure receptors found in the reticular layer of the dermis.

Front 19

What are Meissner's corpuscles?

Back 19

Pain and touch receptors found in the papillary layer of the dermis.

Front 20

What leads to wrinkling in old age?

Back 20

The number of elastic fibers decreases and the subcutaneous layer loses fat.

Front 21

What happens to the skin in a cool enviroment?

Back 21

The arterioles constrict so that blood bypasses the dermal capillary networks temporarily.

Front 22

What three things is skin color a result of?

Back 22

The amount of melanin and carotene in the skin, and the degree of oxygenation of the blood.

Front 23

Where are hairs NOT found on the human body?

Back 23

Thick-skinned areas, parts of external genitalia, nipples, lips.

Front 24

What are the two types of cutaneous glands?

Back 24

Sebaceous and sweat

Front 25

What are eccrine glands?

Back 25

Sweat glands that produce clear perspiration of water, salts & urea. They are important in heat regulation.

Front 26

What are apocrine glands?

Back 26

Sweat glands that secrete a milky protein & fat rich substance. Found primarily in the axillary & genital areas. Like pheromone glands of other animals.