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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evolution
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the process of change that has transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today
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Biology
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the scientific study of life
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Emergent Properties
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properties emerging at each step that were not present at the preceding level
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Systems Biology
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approach that attempts to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions among the system's parts
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Global Climate Change
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changing climate; has dire effect on life-forms and their habitats all over planet Earth
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Eukaryotic Cell
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subdivided by internal membranes into various membrane-enclosed organelles
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Prokaryotic Cell
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DNA is not separated from the rest of the cell by enclosure in a membrane-bounded nucleus
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid; cell's genetic material, made of genes
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Genes
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units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring
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Gene Expression
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process by which information in a gene directs the production of a cellular product
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Genome
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entire "library" of genetic instructions that an organism inherits
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Genomics
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approach where researchers study whole sets of genes of a species as well as compare genomes between species
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Bioinformatics
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use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data that result from high-throughput methods
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Negative Feedback
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accumulation of an end product of a process slows that process
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Positive Feedback
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end product speeds up its own production
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Bacteria (domain)
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most diverse and widespread prokaryotes
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Archaea (domain)
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prokaryotes that live in Earth's extreme environments, such as salty lakes and boiling hot springs
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Eukarya (domain)
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all organisms with eukaryotic cells; contains kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, and Fungi
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Natural Selection
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evolutionary adaptations in which individuals with inherited traits best suited to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
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Inquiry
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a search for information and explanation, often focusing on specific questions
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Science
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"to know"; a way of knowing - an approach to understanding the natural world
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Data
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recorded observations; items of information in which scientific inquiry is based
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Inductive Reasoning
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logic in which we derive generalizations from a large number of specific observations
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Hypothesis
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tentative answer to a well-framed question; explanation on trial
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Deductive Reasoning
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logic in which we extrapolate from general premesis to specific results we should expect if premesis are true
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Contolled Experiment
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designed to compare an experimental group with a control group
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Theory
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broader than a hypothesis, general so that many new hypotheses can be tested from it, supported by a larger body of evidence than a hypothesis
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Model Organism
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a species that is easy to grow in the lab and lends itself particularly well to the questions being investigated
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Technology
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applies scientific knowledge for a purpose
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