Ap Bio Test 2 Q 2

Front 1

which substance would contain a polar covalent bond?

Back 1

H2O

Front 2

transpiration is the movement of water in plants from the roots through the vascular system to the atmosphere and is a function of what combined forces

Back 2

cohesion and adhesion

Front 3

which macromolecule is the main component of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell membranes

Back 3

phospholipids

Front 4

the partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to a partial positive charge of another water molecule. what is this type of attraction called?

Back 4

a hydrogen bond

Front 5

hydrolysis is involved in what?

Back 5

the digestion of maltose polymer to glucose monomer

Front 6

all of the following regarding carbon are factual EXCEPT
a. carbon is the essential element of organic compounds
b. carbon is cycled through biological organisms through cellular respiration and photosynthesis
c. carbon forms the backbone of nonpolar hydrocarbon chains
d. carbon has a tendency to form ionic bonds
e. carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration in plants and animals

Back 6

d. carbon has a high tendency to form ionic bonds

Front 7

the molecular formula of a polysaccharide formed from glucose (C6H12O6) molecules is

Back 7

C24H40O20

Front 8

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have all of the following structures in common except

Back 8

a nucleoid region

Front 9

an organelle that is characterized by extensive folded membranes and is often associated with ribosomes

Back 9

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 10

an organelle with a cis and tans face which acts as the packaging and secreting center of the cell

Back 10

golgi apparatus

Front 11

the sites of cellular respiration

Back 11

mitochondria

Front 12

singlemembrane bound structures in the cell that perform many metabolic functions and produce hyrogen peroxide in the process

Back 12

peroxisomes

Front 13

large membrane bound structures that contain hydrolytic enzymes and that are found predominantly in animal cells

Back 13

lysosomes

Front 14

which of the cellular structures is present in prokaryotic cells

Back 14

cell walls

Front 15

chloroplasts and mitochondria have all of the following characteristics except

Back 15

ability to survive outside eukaryotic cell

Front 16

what would b the immediate effect of the destruction of all of the lysosomes of an animal cell

Back 16

large particle such as bacteria would accumulate in the cell

Front 17

this structure is present in plant cells but not animal cells

Back 17

cell wall

Front 18

absence of enzymes from this organelle can lead to storage diseases such as tay-sachs disease because macro molecules cannot be broken down through hydrolysis

Back 18

lysosmes

Front 19

this organelle is the host for the krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation of cellular respiration

Back 19

mitochondria

Front 20

the structure is found in both prokaryoic and eukaryotic cells

Back 20

ribosomes

Front 21

which of the following represents an incorrect description of an organelle's function
a. chloroplast. the site of photosynthesis and energy production in plant cells
b. peroxisome: organelle that produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product of reactions involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of alcohol in the liver
c. golgi apparatus: structure to which proteins, lipids, and other macromolecules are sent to be modified by the addition of sugars and other molecules to form glycoproteins
d. rough ER: membrane-bound organelle lacking ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface, involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and carbohydrate metabolism
e. nucleus: the control center in eukaryotic cells, which acts as the site for replication, transcription, and posttranscriptional modification of RNA

Back 21

d. rough endoplasmic reticulum: membrane-bound organelle lacking ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface involved in lipids synthesis detoxification and carbohydrate metabolism

Front 22

the chemical equation for photosynthesis is

Back 22

6CO2(g) + 6H2O(i) + energy = C6H12O6 + 62(g)

Front 23

which of the following cells would be most efficient in transporting organic materials
a. a red blood cell
b. an intestinal cell with extensive microvilli
c. a skin cell
d. a plant cell

Back 23

b. an intestinal cell with extensive microvilli

Front 24

which list of components characterizes an amino acid

Back 24

amine group, carboxyl group, and functional group

Front 25

which molecule is classified as a nonpolar hydrocarbon
a. C6H12O6
b. KOH
c. C2H5OH
d. C3H8

Back 25

d. C3H8

Front 26

which statement regarding carbon is FALSE
a. carbon has the capability of forming polar bonds with hydrogen
b. carbon has the ability to form double and triple bonds
c. carbon has a tendency to form up to four covalent bonds
d. carbon atoms can bond together to form extensive "carbon skeletons"

Back 26

a

Front 27

which macromolecule is the main component of all plasma membranes

Back 27

phospholipids

Front 28

the hydrogen bonds shown in the figure are each
a. between two hydrogen atoms
b. between two oxygen atoms
c. between an oxygen and a hydrogen atom of the same water molecule
d. between an oxygen and a hydrogen atom of different water molecules

Back 28

d

Front 29

You're the manager of a factory that uses enzymes to lighten the color of denim, giving a faded appearance. The most recent batch produced denim that was not light enough for your product standards. based on your understanding of enzymes, which of the following would you investigate as a possible cause

Back 29

the pH of the liquid in the washing vat, and the temperature of the liquid in the washing vat

Front 30

what can easily diffuse across a selectively permeable membrane

Back 30

O2

Front 31

The molecular formula for fructose is C6H12O6. what would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by lining eight fructose molecules together (no ring formation) by dehydration reactions?

Back 31

C48H82O41

Front 32

an organelle with a cis and trans face, which functions as the modifying, packaging, and secreting center of the cell

Back 32

golgi apparatus

Front 33

an organelle that is characterized by extensive, folded membranes and is associated with ribosomes to produce cellular proteins

Back 33

Rough ER

Front 34

large membrane-bound structures that contain hydrolytic enzymes to break down macromolecules and large substances. They are found primarily in animal calls and are important for immune responses

Back 34

lysosomes

Front 35

double membrane organelles that function as sites for cellular respiration resulting in the production of ATP

Back 35

mitochondria

Front 36

an organelle that is characterized by extensive, folded membranes that synthesize lipids and detoxification of drugs and toxins

Back 36

smooth ER

Front 37

which of the following types of cell transport require engergy
a. the movement of a particle across a selectively permeable membrane down its concentration gradient
b. the movement of a particle across a selectively permeable membrane against its concentration gradient
c. the movement of water down its concentration gradient across selectively permeable membranes and through aquaporins
d. the movement of a sodium ion from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration and through an ion channel
e. the movement of a particle across a selectively permeable membrane with the assistance of a membrane protein in facilitated diffusion

Back 37

b

Front 38

which of the following statements about enzymes is CORRECT
a. enzymes are polymers of monosaccharides
b. enzymes speed up chemical reactions by reducing the amount of activation energy
c. enzymes change the heat of reactions, delta H, by decreasing the energy of the products
d. heating enzymes can lead to denaturation which results in polymers breaking down to amino acid monomer form
e. lactase enzyme is most effective at a pH of 12

Back 38

b

Front 39

describes interactions by an enzyme that is capable of either activating or inhibiting an enzymatic reaction by causing conformational changes.

Back 39

allosteric interactions

Front 40

what metabolic process would be endergonic
a. ADP + (P)i yields ATP + H2O
b. lactose yields glucose + galactose
c. ATP + H2O yields ADP + (P)i
d. C6H12O6 + O2 yields CO2 + H2O

Back 40

a. ADP + (P)i yields ATP + H2O

Front 41

The molecular formula for fructose is C6H12O6. what would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by lining seven fructose molecules together (no rig formation) by dehydration reactions?

Back 41

C42H72O36

Front 42

which of the following statements about enzyme is FALSE
a. enzymes are polymers of amino acids
b. enzymes speed up chemical reactions by reducing the amount of activation energy
c. enzymes do not change the heat of reaction, delta H
d. heating enzymes can lead to denaturation which results in polymers breaking down to amino acid monomer form
e. enzymes are substrate specific, example, ATP synthesis requires ATP synthase

Back 42

d

Front 43

most of the ATP creation during respiration occurs as a result of what driving force

Back 43

protons moving down a concentration gradient

Front 44

which processes occurs in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis

Back 44

chemiosmosis

Front 45

which statement is FALSE
a. glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen
b. glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria
c. glycolysis is the first step of both anaerobic and aerobic repiration
d. glycolysis of one molecule of glucose leads to the production of 2 ATP, 2NADH, and 2 pyruvates

Back 45

b

Front 46

this reaction occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and includes FADH2 among its products

Back 46

krebs cycle

Front 47

this process uses the proton gradient created by the movement of electrons to form ATP

Back 47

chemiosmosis

Front 48

the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in this location of a chloroplast

Back 48

thylakoid membrane

Front 49

which of the following is not a product of the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis
a. O2 gas
b. ATP
c. NADPH
d. sugar

Back 49

d

Front 50

which of the following is the source of the carbon in sugar produced during photosynthesis
a. CO2
b. H2O
c. rubisco
d. pyruvate
e. carboxylic acid

Back 50

a

Front 51

how many spins of the Calvin cycle is needed to ultimately produce one molecule of glucose

Back 51

6

Front 52

during which phase of the cell cycle does crossing over occur

Back 52

Prophase 1 of meiosis

Front 53

during this phase, the split sister chromatids, now considered to be chromosomes, are moved to the opposite poles of the cell

Back 53

anaphase

Front 54

during his phase, the nucleus deteriorates, and the mitotic spindle begins to form

Back 54

prophase

Front 55

during this phase, the two daughter cells are actually split apart and cell structures and organelles are divided

Back 55

cytokinesis

Front 56

during this phase, the sister chromatids line up along the central plane of the cell, preparing to split

Back 56

metaphase

Front 57

which of the following statements is true about a human meiotic cell after it has completed meiosis I
a. it is diploid (2n)
b. it is haploid (n)
c. it has divided into four daughter cells
d. it proceeds directly to meiosis 2 without an intervening intermission

Back 57

b

Front 58

which of the following statements about meiosis and/or mitosis is INCORRECT
a. mitosis results in two diploid daughter cells
b. meiosis in humans occurs in the gonad cells
c. homologous chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate during mitosis
d. crossover occurs during prophase 1 of meiosis
e. meiosis consists of one replication phase followed by two division phases

Back 58

c

Front 59

if the pH of a solution is decreased from 5 to 4, it means that

Back 59

the concentration of H+ has increased by 10 times

Front 60

25 grams of sugar is dissolved in 750 mL of water to form a solution. Which term described the solution's concentration

Back 60

molarity

Front 61

which characteristic would allow you to distinguish a prokaryotic cell from an animal cell

Back 61

cell wall

Front 62

a sample of cells was analyzed and the results for one particular cell included the structures of a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, DNA in a nucleus, and membrane bound organelles. The cells are most likely

Back 62

eukaryotic

Front 63

which of the following is the source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis

Back 63

H2O

Front 64

which type of transport across the plasma membrane requires energy in the form of ATP

Back 64

transport of substances against their concentration/electrochemical gradients

Front 65

when oxygen becomes unavailable, this process regenerates NAD+, allowing respiration to continue

Back 65

fermentation

Front 66

this process couples the production of ATP with the movement of electrons down the electron transport chain by harnessing the driving force created by a proton gradient

Back 66

chemiosmosis

Front 67

this process leads to the net production of two pyruvate, two ATP, and two NADH

Back 67

glycolysis

Front 68

this process has as its products NADP+, ADP, and sugar

Back 68

calvin cycle

Front 69

from a cross of AABbCc with AaBbCc, what is the probablility that the offspring will display a genotype of AaBbCc?

Back 69

1/8

Front 70

what explains a significantly low rate of crossing over between two genes?

Back 70

the genes are located very close together on the same chromosome

Front 71

if an individual with type O blood type were to mate with a person with type AB blood, what is the best calculation of the genotype ratio of the offspring?

Back 71

IAi : IBi

Front 72

at the end of DNA replication, each of the daughter molelcules has one old strand, derived from the parent stand of DNA, and one strand that is newly synthesized. this explains why DNA replication is described as

Back 72

semiconservative

Front 73

enzyme that forms bonds between the newly synthesized Okazaki fragments creating a continuous strand

Back 73

DNA ligase

Front 74

adds DNA nucleotides to the new daughter strand of DNA on the 3' end

Back 74

DNA polymerase

Front 75

enzyme that uncoils the parental DNA double helix before replication

Back 75

helicase

Front 76

enzyme that proofreads the newly formed DNA strand to detect errors in nucleotide base pairs or damaged segments.

Back 76

DNA polymerase

Front 77

enzyme that provides stability to the parental double helix that has not yet undergone uncoiling and replication. it can break bonds, reform bonds, and swivel to release stress

Back 77

topoisomerase

Front 78

enzyme that adds a 5-10 RNA nucleotide sequence to initiate synthesis of a new daughter strand

Back 78

primase

Front 79

an enzyme that breaks bonds of DNA nucleotides in order for reparation of incorrect sequences or damaged segments to proceed

Back 79

nuclease