Ap Bio Exam 2 Vocabulary

Front 1

Adenine

Back 1

Base in DNA; pairs with T or U

Front 2

Allele

Back 2

Piece of DNA that codes for a protein

Front 3

Anticodon

Back 3

Three bases on tRNA that matches with the mRNA

Front 4

Barr Body

Back 4

The X chromosome that isn't turned on; only in females

Front 5

Blood Groups

Back 5

AA, AO, BB, BO, AB, OO

Rh Factor: Positive (++, +-) Negative (--)

Front 6

Cell Cycle: G1, S, G2

Back 6

Growth 1: Growing, Synthasize: Copying DNA, Growth 2: Making food not made in S

Front 7

Codominance

Back 7

Both genes expressed. RW = Pink Flowers

Front 8

Codon

Back 8

Three bases on RNA

Front 9

Conjugation

Back 9

Sexual Reproduction in Bacteria; transferring DNA between two

Front 10

Crossing Over

Back 10

Ends of chromosomes trading to get different parts during Mieosis

Front 11

Cytosine

Back 11

Base in DNA; pairs with G

Front 12

Diploid

Back 12

Two sets of chromosomes; all cells but sex cells

Front 13

DNA

Back 13

Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

Front 14

DNA Polymerase

Back 14

Opens DNA to bring new strand in so a copy can be made

Front 15

Dominant

Back 15

The gene that is expressed; stronger

Front 16

Double Helix

Back 16

Twisted latter structure of DNA; found by Watson and Crick who stole it from Franklin

Front 17

Exon

Back 17

Piece of mRNA or DNA that gets expressed

Front 18

Gametes

Back 18

Sex Cells; half the number of Chromosomes

Front 19

Gametophyte

Back 19

Produce the half life cells

Front 20

Gametogenesis

Back 20

Process of making sex cells

Front 21

Genes

Back 21

Piece of DNA that gets coded

Front 22

Genotype

Back 22

Genetic Makeup

Front 23

Generations: P, F1, F2

Back 23

Parents, Children, Grandchildren

Front 24

Haploid

Back 24

1n number; 1 set of chromosome

Front 25

Heterozygous

Back 25

2 alleles that are different

Front 26

Histones

Back 26

Protein thats binds the Double Helix extremely tight

Front 27

Homozygous

Back 27

2 alleles that are the same

Front 28

Incomplete Dominance

Back 28

Both genes are expressed evenly

Front 29

Interon

Back 29

Pieces of mRNA that is cut out

Front 30

Law of Independent Assortment

Back 30

Genes are assorted independently from each other unless they are linked

Front 31

Law of Segregation

Back 31

Half the genes of the parents go to the child

Front 32

Linked Genes

Back 32

Genes on the same chromosomes

Front 33

Lytic Phage

Back 33

Virus that quickly infects cell and makes it explode

Front 34

Lysogenic Phage

Back 34

Virus that infects cell with its DNA but lays dormant

Front 35

Meiosis

Back 35

Creation of sex cells through two cellular division

Front 36

Metaphase 1

Back 36

When crossing over occurs

Front 37

Mitosis

Back 37

Cellular Division; Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase, Cytokinesis

Front 38

Nondisjunction

Back 38

Mistake in Meiosis when one cell has one more chromosome than the another

Front 39

Nucleolus

Back 39

Inside Nucleus to make RNA

Front 40

Nucleotides

Back 40

Individual units of Nucleic Acids

Front 41

Operon

Back 41

How a gene gets turned on; the switch to turn on gene

Front 42

Phenotype

Back 42

Physical Characteristics

Front 43

Plasmid

Back 43

Circular pieces of DNA traded between bacteria

Front 44

Punnett Square

Back 44

Used to find the phenotype and genotype

Front 45

RNA: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Back 45

Ribonucleic Acid: 1. Takes RNA to Ribosomes, 2. Transfers Ameno Acids, 3. Puts RNA with DNA

Front 46

RNA Polymerase

Back 46

Opens RNA to make a copy/ more RNA

Front 47

Recessive

Back 47

A gene that is over powered by the dominant gene

Front 48

Restriction Enzymes

Back 48

Enzyme that cuts the DNA

Front 49

Retrovirus

Back 49

Based in RNA; must change to DNA to make more

Front 50

Semiconservative Replication: Replication Fork, Leading Strand, Lagging Strand

Back 50

The Fork that splits open, Goes from 5'-3' as soon as the DNA opens up, Goes from 5'-3' but in the opposite direction and takes a bit more time

Front 51

Sex-Linked

Back 51

Traits only found on the X chromosome

Front 52

Sporophyte

Back 52

2n number of the life cycle

Front 53

Telomeres

Back 53

Ends of the chromosomes that don't code for anything

Front 54

Telomerase

Back 54

The enzymes that put telomeres on the chromosomes

Front 55

Thymine

Back 55

Base in DNA; pairs with A

Front 56

Transcription

Back 56

Makes RNA

Front 57

Transduction

Back 57

When a virus infects a cell; insets their DNA into cell

Front 58

Transformation

Back 58

Changing Bacteria's DNA by adding plasmids to be antibiotic resistant

Front 59

Translation

Back 59

When ribosomes create proteins

Front 60

Translocation

Back 60

1. The process of ribosomoes reading the mRNA 2. When a piece of DNA jumps from one chromosome to another

Front 61

Triplet

Back 61

Three bases on DNA

Front 62

Uracil

Back 62

Base in RNA; pairs with A and replaces T

Front 63

Wobble

Back 63

Have more than one code that codes for the same thing

*Think about the codon chart*

Front 64

Virus

Back 64

DNA incapsolated in a protein sheet