Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
population
|
same species in an area
|
|
community
|
all living things in an area
|
|
polymorphism
|
variation in organisms in same species in same area
|
|
niche
|
any and all factors that organism is effected by or has an effect on in its environment
|
|
organism populations in habitats affected by 2 things
|
biotic potential
limiting factors |
|
biotic potential
|
maximum reproductive rate under ideal conditions
|
|
limiting factors
|
any factors that limit population sizes
|
|
abiotic limiting factors
|
non-living;
temperature, precipitation, sunlight, soil type, amount, wind, h2o temperature, turbidity, salinity |
|
biotic limiting factors
|
interactions between organisms
|
|
intraspecific limiting factors
|
biotic
between members of the same species; all variations of competition; revolve around population density density dependent |
|
interspecific limiting factors
|
between members of species
competition; predation; symbiosis |
|
intraspecific competition
|
use or protection of a resource so as to limit use of a source by another organism
scramble: right time & place pecking order/social hierarchy social stress: density affects behavior emmigration |
|
competition between species
|
do not want to compete
habitats and resources are divided up |
|
Gause's Law
|
no 2 species can occupy the same niche at the same time; one is bound to extinction
|
|
Predation
|
use of another organism directly for food
the size of the effect depends on specific vs generalist predation |
|
Symbiosis
|
a close living relationship between organisms of different species
|
|
mutualism
|
symbiosis
both organisms benefit lichen - algae ants & aphids |
|
commensalism
|
one helped the other unaffected
birds + grazing animals |
|
Parasitism
|
one helped, one hurt
ectoparasites (outside body) endoparasites (inside body) parasites have special structures for attachment big increase in reproduction and attachment structures |
|
Distribution
|
scattered: even
clumped: micro environments affect distribution or areas in between suck random: regulated by habitat |
|
density is limited by ______
|
intraspecific competition
|
|
lag phase
|
s-curve
low population increase resources available no competition no/low predation slow/low breeding pop. |
|
log phase
|
s-curve
exponential growth enough breeders to grow fast no/very few limiting factors |
|
negative acceleration phase
|
s-curve
population growth slows resistances/limiting factors are increasing less food density limits space |
|
Stationary phase
|
s-curve
population at a level where environment is able to support a max # of individuals balance between biotic potential and limiting factors |
|
J-shaped curve
|
boom or bust
exponential growth and decline due to density independent factors r-strategists |
|
k-strategists
|
reproduce later in growing season
fewer offspring/birth more parental care longer developmental time of offspring usually stable habitats |
|
r-strategists
|
reproduce early in season
more offspring in a birth no parental care fast development of offspring before and after birth generally unstable habitats |
|
nutrient cycles
|
how matter on earth gets recycled
|
|
atmosphere of nutrient cycle
|
gasses
very fast |
|
hydrosphere of nutrient cycle
|
water cycle
other nutrients that will dissolve in water some get trapped and "become lost" (carbon in carbonates, phosphates precipitate out) |
|
lithosphere of nutrient cycle
|
land
sloooow nutrients "get lost" but bound into compounds and made unavailable |
|
____ is the ultimate energy source for all organisms
|
light
|
|
energy ____ through ecosystems and out. It is not ______
|
flows, cycled
|