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23 Cards in this Set

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Important biotic factors that affect structure and organization of communities.

A. precipitation, wind
B. nutrients, soil pH
C. predation, competition
D. Temperature, water
E. Light intensity, seasonality
C
Think BIOTIC factors
Westerly winds in temperate zones are a result of:

A. descending air masses flowing towards poles
B. rotation of Earth
C. unequal speed of land moving through space at equator and poles
D. a and b
E. a,b,c
E
multiple factors
North facing slopes in N. America, compared to south facing slopes, would be expected to...

A. receive more sunlight
B. be warmer/drier
C. support communities similar to those at lower elevations, higher latitudes
D. support communities similar to those found at higher elevations and higher latitudes
E. b and c
C
as elevation increases, what happens to climate? where could this climate be replicated?
Deserts occur in a band at 30' N/S, or in the interior of continents, supporting the idea that...

A. descending air masses tend to be dry
B. trade winds have little moisture
C. water is heavier than air and is not carried far over land
D. ascending air tends to be moist
E. these locations get more than their share of sunlight
A
what would cause a desert and be effective at 30' and interiors of continents?
The succes with which plants extend their range northward following glacial retreat is best determined by...

A. whether there is simultaneous migration of herbivores
B. their tolerance to shade
C. their seed dispersal rate
D. their size
E. their growth rate
C
which would cause plants to physically move/spread?
Which of the following best describes the effect of climate on biome distribution?

A. knowledge of annual temperature/precipitation is sufficient
B. flucuation of environmental variables is not important if areas have the same annual temp. and percipitation means
C. it is not only the average climate that is important, but also climatic variation patterns
D. temperate forests, coniferous forests, and grasslands all have the same mean annual temps and percipitation
E. correlation of climate with biome distribution is sufficient to determine the cause of biome patterns
C
Don't assume anything based off of one calculation/observation
Which of the following terrestrial biomes is (are) adapted to frequent fires?

A. savanna
B. chaparral
C. temperate grasslands
D. a and b
E. a,b,c
E
where do fires occur? think Cali, Jungle Book, Bambi
In which community would organisms most likely have adaptations enabling them to respond to different photoperiods?

A. tropical forest
B. coral reef
C. savanna
D. temperate forest
E. abyssal
D
Which has greatest variation between night and day? Which has animals that have spefic adaptions to hunt at night, day?
Uniform spacing patterns in plants such as the creosote bush are most often associated with

A. chance
B. not this one
C. random distribution of seeds
D. antagonistic interactions among individuals in the population
E. concentration of resources within population's range
D
keyword: uniform

the bush *inhibits* new plants from growing around it
A demographer studying a population of a particular organism would be least likely to be engaged in which of the following?

A. constructing a life table
B. sampling the population and determining sex ratio
C.studying courtship behavior between males and females
D. measuring birth and death rates
E. estimating how long an individual of a given age will live
C
Demographers are interested in collect data based on numbers
Which of the following aspects of an organism's life is least relevant to its life history?
A. number of offspring per reproductive bout
B. age at which it first reproduces
C. frequency of reproduction
D. frequency of dispersal
E. all of the above
D
which doesn't relate solely to the individual organism?
The Allee effect is a phenomenon that occurs when population size...

A. becomes too small
B. becomes too large
C. approaches carrying capacity
D. exceeds carrying capacity
E. more than one of the above
A
The Allee effect says that populations may have a more difficult time surviving or reproducing if the population size is too small
Term that can be applied to pacific salmon or annual plants

A. cohort
B. dispersion
C. Allee effect
D. iteroparous
E. semelparous
E
How many times does a salmon spawn in a lifetime? How long do annual plants live?
The life history traits favored by selection are most likely to vary with...

A. flucuations in K
B. the shape of the J curve
C. the max size of a population
D. population density
E. the terms used in the logistic equation
D
Which has most influence on selection - determine difference between which measure size, which measure how many in an area
A species that is relatively r-selected might have all of the following characteristics except

A. a disturbed habitat
B. small offspring
C. parental care of offspring
D. numerous offspring
E. little homeostatic capability
C
r-selected species are in a disturbed habitat exhibiting little stability. the r referes to population density (K selected = max population/carrying capacity)
Which doesn't tend to increase species diversity?
A) competitive exlusion
B) keystone predators
C) patchy environments
D) moderate disturbances
E) migration of populations
A
Which will cause one species to "out preform" the other?
The sum total of an organism's interaction with biotic and abiotic resources of its environment is called its...


A) habitat
B) logistic growth
C) biotic potential
D) microclimax
E) ecological niche
E
This is the organism's "place in life"
With a few exceptions, most of the food chains have a maximum of how many links?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 10
E) 15
C
Think about the different tropic levels
In a tide pool, 15 species of invertibrates were reuced to 8 after one was removed. This species was most likely a...

A) community facilitator
B) keystone species
C) herbivore
D) resource partitioner
E) mutualistic organism
B
Which has the most impact on the largest number of species?
Which of the following statements concerning the control of community structure is false?

A) a bottom-up community is controlled by nutrients
B) a top-down community is controlled by predators
C) increasing the biomass of vegetation in a bottom-up community will increase number of herbivores
D) increasing the biomass of vegetation in a bottom-up community will increase predators
E) increasing predators in a top-down community will decrease the biomass of vegetation
E
What affects the biomass of vegetation? Why would predators, herbivores, or predators increase?
According to the nonequilibrium model...

A) communities will remain in a state of equilibrium in absence of humans
B) community structure remains constant in absence of interspecific competition
C) communities are assemblages of closely linked species that function as tightly integrated units
D) interspecific interactions induce changes in community composition over time
E) communities are constantly changing because of disturbances
E
the nonequilibrium model says communities are not stable...what causes this?
The relationship between ants and acacia trees is...

A) parasitism
B) mutualism
C) inhibition
D) facilitation
E) commensalism
B
The acacia plants provide food and shelter for the ants, the ants protect the tree
In conservation biology, species-area curves for key taxa make it possible to predict...

A) size of an area that needs to be sampled
B) the area that a keystone species will occupy
C) whether or not a redundancy model will apply to a given area
D) how the loss of a certain habitat area is likely to affect biodiversity
E) whether or not an area will reach equilibrium
D
The curve shows that the larger the geograpic area of a community, the greater number of species, therefore offering a greater diversity of habitats