Ap Bio Chapter 6

Front 1

Centrisome

Back 1

a region located near the nucleus from which microtubules grow out

Front 2

Centrioles

Back 2

pair of cylindrical structures locatedin the centrosome of animal cells, composed of nine sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring at right angles to eachother

Front 3

Cilia and flagella

Back 3

locomotor organelles formed from a specialized arrangement of microtubules

Front 4

Cilia

Back 4

large numbers
shorter
work like oars, alternating power with recovery strokes, creates force in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the cilium

Front 5

Flagella

Back 5

one or few per cell
longer
undulating motion that creates force in the same direction as the axis of the flagellum

Front 6

Ultrastructure of Cilia and Flagella

Back 6

extensions of plasma membrane with a core of microtubules
core made of up nine doublets of microtubules arranged in a ring with two single microtubules in the center
each doublet is connected to the center of the ring by radial spokes
each doublet is attached to the neighboring doublet by a pair of side arms made of dynein
basal bodies anchor the assembly

Front 7

Microfilaments

Back 7

solid rods
built from globular protein monomers actins
two actin chains are wound into a helix

Front 8

Functions of Microfilaments

Back 8

provide cellular support
participate in muscle contraction
responsible for localized contraction of cells

Front 9

Intermediate Filaments

Back 9

diverse class of cytoskeletal elements that differ in diameter and composition depending on cell type
constructed from protein subunits

Front 10

Functions of Intermediate Filaments

Back 10

specialized for bearing tensionl; may function as the framework for the cytoskeleton
reinforce cell shape
fix organelle position
compose the nuclear lamina lining the nuclear envelope's interior

Front 11

Cell Walls

Back 11

coat external to plasma membrane found in plant cells
thicker than plasma membrane
chemical composition varies
basic design includes strong matrix fibers
protects the plant cells, maintains their shape,and prevents excess water uptake

Front 12

Plant Cell Walls Development

Back 12

thin flexible primary cell wall
middle lamella- between primary cell walls of adjacent cells; made of a sticky polysaccharide, pectin
adds secondary cell wall or secrets hardening substances

Front 13

Extra Cellular Maxtrix

Back 13

a meshwork of macromolecules outside the plasma membrane of animal cells that functions in support, adhesion, movement, and development
composed mostly of glycoproteins

Front 14

Intercellular Junctions

Back 14

help integrate cells into higher levels of structure and functions

Front 15

Plasmodesmata

Back 15

channels that perforate cell walls through which cytoplasmic strands communicate between adjacent cells
in plants

Front 16

Tight Junctions

Back 16

hold cells together tightly enough to block transport of substances through the intercellular space

Front 17

Desmosomes

Back 17

rivet cells together into strong sheets, but still permit substances to pass freely through intracellular spaces

Front 18

Gap Junctions

Back 18

intercellular junctions specialized for material transport between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells