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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phenotype |
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment ex: eye color |
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Mutation |
A change in DNA that can either have no effect or cause a big effect in the DNA sequence |
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Allele |
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. |
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Homozygous Recessive |
When a Recessive trait is expressed through inheritance of two Recessive alleles |
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Homozygous Dominant |
When you inherit two dominant alleles and the trait that they code for are expressed |
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Heterozygous dominant |
When you inherit a dominant and Recessive all and the dominant one is expressed |
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Carrier |
This is when you are heterozygous dominant and are able to pass on the Recessive allele of a disease or trait |
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Polypeptide Chain |
polypeptide is a single linear chain of many amino acids |
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Autosome |
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
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Transcription |
genetic information represented by a sequence of DNA nucleotides is copied into newly synthesized molecules of RNA, with the DNA serving as a template. |
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Translation |
the process by which a sequence of nucleotide triplets in a messenger RNA molecule gives rise to a specific sequence of amino acids during synthesis of a polypeptide or protein. |
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mRNA or Messenger RNA |
An RNA strand created from the transcription of a DNA strand that is edited |
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tRNA or Transfer RNA |
The tRNA recognizes which amino acid should be added next to a growing polypeptide chain |
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Exon |
a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence. |
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Intron |
a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes |
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Codons |
a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule |
