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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cells (basic info)
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cells are the subunits of organisms; lowest level of structure able to perform all functions of life
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organisms
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the units of life
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4 main functions to be an organism
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uptake and processing of nutrients, excretion of wastes, response to environmental stimuli, and reproduction
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multicellular organism's 3 structures above the cell
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tissues, organs, and organ systems
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populations
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localized groups of organisms belonging to the same species
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biological community
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several species in the same area
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emergent properties
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result from interactions between components
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order from biosphere to organisms
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Biology, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organisms (BECPO)
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order from organs/organ systems to molecules
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Organs, Tissue, Cells, Organelles, Molecules
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Cells (structure)
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highly ordered structures that carry out complicated processes
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Cell Theory
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1. All living things consist of cells 2. All cells come from other cells
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Membrane (function?)
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Encloses cells, regulates passage of materials between cell and surroundings
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What do all cells contain? (At some point)
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DNA
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DNA (according to cells)
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The heritbale material that directs cell activity
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2 Major Kind of Cells
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Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic
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Types of Prokaryotic Cells
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Cells of the microorganims called archaea and bacteria
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Types of Eukaryotic Cells
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All other types of cells besides prokaryotic
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Eukaryotic Cells possess...?
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Functionally-diverse organelles
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How are chromosomes formed? (Euk.)
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The combination of DNA and proteins
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Cytoplasm
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A thick solution called cytosol
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SOMEeukaryotic cells possess what type of cell wall?
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External cell wall
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MOST Prokaryotic cells possess what type of cell wall?
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External cell wall
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Where is DNA located in prokaryotic cells?
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In the cytoplasm in a nucleus of a prokaryotic cell
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There are ______ membrane-enclosed organelles in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells?
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ZERO
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DNA is the substance of _____?
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Genes
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Genes
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The unit of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring
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Nucleotides
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Genetic information specifically arranged (ATCGTA...)
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____ forms of life employ the same _____ code
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All; genetic
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How is the diversity of life generated?
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By different expressions of the same genetic code
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What programs biological order?
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The genetic code
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Genome
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The entire library of genetic instructions that an organims inherits
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The genome of a human cell is about _______ letters long
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3 billion
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Solar energy to chemical energy is...?
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Kinetic energy
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Heat
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The unordered energy of random molecular motion
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Life creates order by harvesting energy from...?
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Sunlight
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How do organisms obtain energy from fuels such as sugar?
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Cells break the molecules down in a series of closely regulated reactions
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Enzymes
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Special protein molecules used to catalyze reactions
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What are enzymes used for when muscles are at rest?
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Used to store energy in complex sugars
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When muscles need more energy enzymes are used to...?
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Catalyze the break down of sugar molecules, releasing energy
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Self-Regulating
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An output signal or product of the process regulates that process
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Most biological processes are...?
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Self-regulated
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Negative Feedback
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Slows or stops a process
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Feedback Inhibition is synonymous with...?
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Negative Feedback
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Positive Feedback
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Speeds a process up
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