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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Signal transduction pathway
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A mechanism linking a mechanical or chemical stimulus to a specific cellular response.
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local regulator hormone
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A chemical messenger that influences cells in the vicinity
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protein kinase
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An enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein
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Ligand
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A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule
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protein phosphatase
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An enzyme that removes phosphate groups from proteins, often functioning to reverse the effect of a protein kinase.
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cAMP
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Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, a ring-shaped molecule made from ATP that is a common intracellular signaling molecule (second messenger) in eukaryotic cells (for example, in vertebrate endocrine cells). It is also a regulator of some bacterial operons
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somatic cells
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non-sex cell
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gametes
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A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm
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Kinetochore
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A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
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cell-cycle control system
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A cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle.
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centromere
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The centralized region joining two sister chromatids.
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cyclin
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A regulatory protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically.
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mitotic spindle
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An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis.
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Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdks)
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A protein kinase that is active only when attached to a particular cyclin.
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MPF
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A protein complex required for a cell to progress from late interphase to mitosis; the active form consists of cyclin and cdc2, a protein kinase
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