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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
signal transduction pathway
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conversion of a cell surface signal to a cellular response
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paracrine signalling
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cell secrete signals to nearby cells
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synaptic signalling
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nerve cells send message between cells
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hormones
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travel to distant cells
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stages of cell signalling
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reception transduction, response
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ligand
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signal molecule cause molecule to change shape
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G-protein linked receptors
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receptors that work with G-proteins
-ligand bind to G protein linked receptor which activates the receptor -receptor binds to activates a G protein - GTP replaces GDP - |
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G protein
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protein on cytiplasmic side of the membrane
- after receptor binds to it, it activates a membrane bound enzyme - next it takes h+ from GTP and becomes inactive again |
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tyrosine kinase
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enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to tyrosine in a substrate protein
- tyroisijne kinase portions of each polpeptide -relay protein bind to sepcific phospohorlated tysoines and become ativat4ed |
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tyrosine kinase receptor
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1)ligand bonding causes two receptor to form a dimer
2)tyrosines gain P.ATP--> ADP 3)- realy protein bind to specific phosphorylated tyrosines and become activated 4)other transduction pathways are triggered |
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ligand-gated ion channel
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protein pre opens and closes allowing ions through the membrane
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intracellular recpetors
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messengers enter a cell and bind to receptors in cytoplasm
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realy molecules
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pass message on to another
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protein kinase
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enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from ATP to proteins
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protein phospahtates
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enzymes that remove phosphate groups from proteins
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second messengers
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relay the signal from the membrane bound receptor to cell's interior
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cyclic AMP
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1) extracellular ligand binds to G protein-linked receptor
2) G protein-linked receptor activates andenyly cyclase 3) cAMP activates kinase A 4) Kinase A sets off a phosphorylated cascade |
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andenyl cyclase
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membrane protein that converts ATP to cAMP
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signal amplification
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signal cascade
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