Things That Trigger A Hormone In The Human Body

Hormone is a biological process that involves signaling molecules. These hormones “are secreted into extracellular fluid, which circulate in the blood or hemolymph of animals. This communicates regulatory messages throughout the body” (Reese 993). There are many things that may trigger a hormone to trigger different responses within the human body. This includes intracellular proteins and receptors. First, intracellular proteins act with intracellular receptors. “Intracellular receptors for lipid-soluble hormones perform the entire task of transducing a signal within a target cell” (Reese 997). When a hormone activates a receptor, that triggers a cell’s response. A signal transduction is “the linkage of a mechanical, chemical, or electromagnetic stimulus to a specific cellular response” (Reese G-31). Many times when there is a …show more content…
The first receptor is called β-type receptor. This receptor is found in the plasma membrane in the liver cells. “This receptor activates the enzyme protein kinase A, which in turn regulates enzymes of glycogen metabolism, causing release of glucose into the blood” (Reese 998). This results in having the smooth muscle relaxed, which leads in vasodilation; therefore, increases blood flow to skeletal muscles. Another receptor is α-type receptor which binds to epinephrine in the smooth muscles that line the blood vessels of the intestines. This results in smooth muscle contractions that restrict blood flow to the intestines. This illustrates how “many hormones elicit more than one type of response in the body...for example, epinephrine is the primary “fight-or-flight” hormone, it produces different responses in different target cells. Target cells with the same receptor exhibit different responses of they have different signal transduction pathways or effector proteins” (Reese 998). This comes to show that when a target cell has different receptors for a hormone it may have different