Ap 2 Test 2

Front 1

Which lymphatic vessel carries lymph away from the interstitial fluid and tissue cells?

Back 1

Lymphatic capillaries

Front 2

Which lymphatic vessel is formed by the converging of lymphatic capillaries?

Back 2

collecting vessels

Front 3

Which lymphatic vessel is formed by the converging of lymphatic collecting vessels?

Back 3

lymphatic trunks

Front 4

Which lymphatic vessel drains lymph from the right arm?

Back 4

right lymphatic duct

Front 5

Which lymphatic vessel drains into the left subclavian vein?

Back 5

thoracic duct

Front 6

Which lymphatic vessel drains into the right subclavian vein?

Back 6

right lymphatic duct

Front 7

When does lymph become lymph?

Back 7

Lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid enters the initial lymphatic vessels of the lymphatic system.

Front 8

What is the name of the collection of lymphoid nodules scattered throughout the connective tissue of mucous membranes?

Back 8

(MALT) mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

Front 9

Which lymphatic organ filters lymph?

Back 9

lymph nodes

Front 10

Which lymphatic organ filters blood?

Back 10

spleen

Front 11

Which lymphatic organ surrounds the naso and oropharynx?

Back 11

pharyngeal and palatine tonsils

Front 12

Which lymphatic organ matures T cells?

Back 12

Thymus

Front 13

What is the name of the fibrous framework of the lymph node?

Back 13

stroma

Front 14

What is the name of the area where functioning cells are located within the lymph node?

Back 14

parenchyma

Front 15

Which lymphatic organs have capsules?

Back 15

thymus, lymph node, and spleen

Front 16

Trace the lymph flow through a lymph node.

Back 16

afferent vessel -- cortex and medulla layer --- efferent vessel

Front 17

Which tonsil lines the base of the tongue?

Back 17

lingual

Front 18

Which tonsil lies at the posterior region of the oral cavity?

Back 18

palatine

Front 19

Which tonsil lines the posterior wall of the nasopharynx?

Back 19

pharyngeal tonsil

Front 20

What is the name of the process of the coating of an antigen with a material that enhances phagocytosis?

Back 20

opsonization

Front 21

What is the name for that chemical release that attracts phagocytosis?

Back 21

chemotaxis

Front 22

What is the name of the antiviral proteins produced by virus-infected cells?

Back 22

interferons

Front 23

What part of the skin provides an excellent physical barrier to microbes?

Back 23

epidermis

Front 24

What is the name of the peptide coating on the skin’s surface that kills microbes?

Back 24

defensins

Front 25

What is the name of the film of lactic acid from sweat that inhibits bacterial growth on skin?

Back 25

acid mantle

Front 26

What substance ensnares microbes?

Back 26

mucous

Front 27

What substance present in mucus, saliva, and tears kills bacteria?

Back 27

lysozyme

Front 28

What is the name of the sticky gel within areolar tissue the inhibits the movements of microbes?

Back 28

hyaluronic acid

Front 29

What type of immunity develops after administration of a vaccine?

Back 29

artificial active

Front 30

What type of immunity develops after exposure to an antigen in the environment?

Back 30

natural active

Front 31

What type of immunity is produced by the transfer of antibodies?

Back 31

passive

Front 32

What type of cell is involved with cell-mediated immunity?

Back 32

T cell (helper and cytotoxic)

Front 33

What type of cell is involved with the production of antibodies?

Back 33

plasma cell

Front 34

What type of T cell inhibits T cell and B cell activity?

Back 34

regulatory t cells

Front 35

What type of T cell directly attacks enemy cells?

Back 35

cytotoxic cell

Front 36

What type of T cell promotes killer T cell and B cell activity?

Back 36

helper t

Front 37

What type of T cell is an inactive clone?

Back 37

memory t

Front 38

What is the name of the process where antibodies bind to an antigen and expose a complement-site?

Back 38

complement fixation

Front 39

What is the name of the process where antibodies block the active site of a bacteria?

Back 39

neutralization

Front 40

What is the name of the process where antibodies bind to many antigens causing the complex to come out of solution?

Back 40

precipitation

Front 41

What is the name of the process where antibodies cause the clumping together of cells?

Back 41

agglutination

Front 42

What is the name of nostrils of the nose?

Back 42

external nares

Front 43

What is the name of the cartilage surrounded space just inside the nostrils?

Back 43

vestibule

Front 44

What is the name of the partition that divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves?

Back 44

nasal septum

Front 45

What is the name of the scroll-like projections of mucosa lined bone in the nasal cavity?

Back 45

conchae

Front 46

What is the name of the epithelium that has receptors for smell?

Back 46

olfactory

Front 47

What is the name of the posterior opening from the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx?

Back 47

internal nares

Front 48

What structure lies above the soft palate?

Back 48

nasopharynx

Front 49

What structure extends from the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone?

Back 49

oropharynx

Front 50

What structure lies posterior to the larynx?

Back 50

laryngopharynx

Front 51

What two cartilages elevate to close off the respiratory tract during swallowing?

Back 51

thyroid and cricoid

Front 52

Describe the shape of the tracheas cartilaginous rings

Back 52

c shape

Front 53

what are the branches of the trachea

Back 53

primary bronchi

Front 54

how many primary bronchi are there

Back 54

2

Front 55

which pleural membrane lines the outer surfaces of the lungs

Back 55

visceral pleura

Front 56

which pleural membrane lines the inner thoracic wall

Back 56

parietal pleura

Front 57

what fissure divides the lungs into superior and inferior lobes?

Back 57

oblique

Front 58

what fissure divides the right upper lobe into superior and middle lobes?

Back 58

horizontal

Front 59

how many secondary bronchi are in the right lung?

Back 59

3

Front 60

how many secondary bronchi are in the left lung

Back 60

2

Front 61

How many tertiary bronchi are in the left lung?

Back 61

10

Front 62

How many tertiary bronchi are in the right lung?

Back 62

10

Front 63

What part of the respiratory system directly supplies the bronchopulmonary system?

Back 63

bronchiole

Front 64

how many bronchopulmonary segments are in the right lung?

Back 64

10

Front 65

how many bronchopulmonary segments are in the left lung?

Back 65

10

Front 66

what effect does parasympathetic nerve stimulation have on the size of the bronchioles?

Back 66

contracts smooth muscle

Front 67

what effect does sympathetic nerve stimulation have on the size of the bronchioles?

Back 67

relaxes smooth muscle

Front 68

what is the last finest bronchiole?

Back 68

terminal bronchiole

Front 69

what are the branches of the terminal bronchioles

Back 69

respiratory bronchioles

Front 70

where does the direct exchange of gasses occur?

Back 70

respiratory membrane

Front 71

which alveolar cell is responsible for engulfing debris and foreign particles in the lungs?

Back 71

alveolar macrophage

Front 72

which alveolar cell is responsible for maintaining the reticular and elastic membranes of the alveolus?

Back 72

fibroblasts

Front 73

which alveolar cell is responsible for producing surfactant?

Back 73

pneumocyte type 2

Front 74

which alveolar cell is the main site of gas exchange?

Back 74

pneumocyte type 1

Front 75

what structure directly feeds air into the alveoli?

Back 75

alveolar duct

Front 76

what happens to the lung pressure when the volume of the lung increases?

Back 76

pressure decreases

Front 77

what happens to the lung pressure when the volume of the lung decreases?

Back 77

pressure increases

Front 78

what happens to the movement of air when the volume of the lung increases

Back 78

inhalation

Front 79

what happens to the movement of air when the volume of the lung decreases

Back 79

expiration

Front 80

does greater compliance make it easier or harder to fill and empty the lungs

Back 80

easier

Front 81

does lesser compliance make it easier or harder to fill and empty the lungs

Back 81

harder

Front 82

what muscle is responsible for deep breathing

Back 82

diaphragm

Front 83

what muscles are responsible for shallow breathing

Back 83

external intercostals

Front 84

what muscles are responsible for forced breathing

Back 84

Accessory muscles: sternocleidomastoid, scalene, pectoralis minor

Front 85

what is the definition of respiratory rate

Back 85

number of breaths taken each minute

Front 86

what happens when the pressure within the lungs is greater than the atmospheric pressure

Back 86

expiration - air leaves

Front 87

what happens when the atmosperic pressure is greater than the pressure within the lungs?

Back 87

inspiration- air rushes in

Front 88

what type of respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood and lungs?

Back 88

external respiration

Front 89

what type of respiration is the exchange of gases between blood and tissues?

Back 89

internal respiration

Front 90

what would happen if the partial pressure of oxygen in the capillary is greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in the tissues?

Back 90

oxygen would go to the tissues

Front 91

Which area in the pons stimulates the inspiratory area in the medulla?

Back 91

Apneustic

Front 92

Which area in the pons inhibits the inspiratory area in the medulla?

Back 92

pneumotaxic

Front 93

what is the layer of fat that surrounds the kidney

Back 93

adipose capsule

Front 94

what is the concave depression which is the site of entering and exiting vessels?

Back 94

renal hilus

Front 95

what anchors the kidney to surrounding tissue?

Back 95

renal fascia

Front 96

What is the name of the cortical tissue that extends down around the renal pyramids?

Back 96

Renal columns

Front 97

What are the cone shaped structures with their bases against the cortex and their apices pointing toward the center of the kidney?

Back 97

Renal pyramids

Front 98

What is the apex of the renal pyramid?

Back 98

Renal papillae

Front 99

Into which structure does the renal papillae drain into?

Back 99

minor calyx

Front 100

What excretory ducts does the medullary rays contain?

Back 100

collecting and papillary ducts

Front 101

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Back 101

nephron

Front 102

what two structures make up the renal corpuscle?

Back 102

bowmans capsule and glomerulus

Front 103

which cells form the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule

Back 103

podocytes

Front 104

what is the name of the spaces between the pedicles?

Back 104

filtration slits

Front 105

what type of neuron has its corpuscle lying close to the capsule

Back 105

cortical nephron

Front 106

what type of neuron has its corpuscle lying close to the base of the renal pyramid?

Back 106

juxtamedullary

Front 107

what is the name of the fluid that enters the glomerular capsule?

Back 107

glomerular filtrate

Front 108

what structure feeds blood into the glomerulus?

Back 108

Afferent arteriole

Front 109

After the filtrate leaves the glomerular capsule it enters what structure?

Back 109

PCT

Front 110

After the filtrate leaves the proximal convoluted tubule it enters what structure?

Back 110

Loop of henle

Front 111

After the filtrate leaves the loop of Henle it enters what structure?

Back 111

Distal convoluted tubule

Front 112

After the filtrate leaves the distal convoluted tubule it enters what structure?

Back 112

Collecting duct

Front 113

After the filtrate leaves the collecting duct it enters what structure?

Back 113

papillary duct

Front 114

After the filtrate leaves the papillary duct it enters what structure?

Back 114

minor calyx

Front 115

After the filtrate leaves the minor calyx it enters what structure?

Back 115

major calyx

Front 116

After the filtrate leaves the major calyx it enters what structure?

Back 116

renal pelvis

Front 117

After the filtrate leaves the renal pelvis it enters what structure?

Back 117

ureter

Front 118

After the filtrate leaves the ureter it enters what structure?

Back 118

urinary bladder

Front 119

Which division of the autonomic nervous system supplies the renal plexus?

Back 119

Sympathetic

Front 120

Does ADH cause water to leave or enter the tubules?

Back 120

Enter

Front 121

Tubular reabsorption moves fluids and solutes into or out of the tubular fluid?

Back 121

out

Front 122

Tubular secretion moves fluids and solutes into or out of the tubular fluid?

Back 122

in

Front 123

Which cells in the distal convoluted tubule secretes hydrogen ions?

Back 123

intercalated

Front 124

Which cells in the distal convoluted tubule responds to aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone?

Back 124

principal

Front 125

Which structure allows flow of urine into the bladder?

Back 125

ureter

Front 126

What is the name of the small triangular area in the floor of the urinary bladder?

Back 126

trigone

Front 127

During micturition, the detrusor muscle is stimulated by which branch of the autonomic nervous system?

Back 127

parasympathetic

Front 128

Name the part of the male urethra that passes through the external urethral sphincter?

Back 128

membraneous

Front 129

Name the part of the male urethra that passes through the prostate gland?

Back 129

prostatic

Front 130

Name the part of the male urethra that passes through the penis?

Back 130

spongy

Front 131

What is the deepest layer of the urethral mucous membrane?

Back 131

mucosa

Front 132

What is the superficial layer of the urethral mucous membrane?

Back 132

adventitia

Front 133

What is the middle layer of the urethral mucous membrane?

Back 133

muscularis