Ap 2 Lab 7 Renal Pract 2

Front 1

Kidney regulates

Back 1

plasma osmolarity - volume (55% blood vol), acid-base - electrolyte balance --- maintaining body homeostasis

Front 2

nephrons = 10^6 of them

Back 2

functional unit has renal tubule (tubules - loop) and renal corpuscle (capillaries - peri-tubules)

Front 3

renal corpuscle

Back 3

ball of capillaries - glomerulus enclosed in Bowman's capsule

Front 4

Kidney anatomy

Back 4

Renal corpuscle (Glomerulus-Bowman cap) ---- Proximal convoluted tubule ------ Loop of Henle (thin -- descending - ascending - thick segment) ------- Distal con tub ------ Collecting duct (lesss absorption)

Front 5

Filtration process

Back 5

Afferent --- Glomerular filtration ---- bowman capsule --- Effferent --- tubular reabsorption --- tubular secretion ---

Front 6

Glomerula filtration

Back 6

passive process

Front 7

tubular reabsorption into peri-tubular capillaries

Back 7

move most filtrates back to blood (glc active transport in a FINITE # of ports) - leave salt water -- or else too much water in kidney --> swell like a balloon

Front 8

Tubular secrection -- from peri-tubular to Loop of henle

Back 8

rid of creatinine and ammonia

Front 9

Peritubular capillaries -- from efferent arteriole emptying into the renal veins

Back 9

reclaim reabsorbed substances

Front 10

Afferent -- glomerular capillary ---Bowman capsule -- Efferent arteriole

Back 10

efferent diameter is smaller than afferent diameter (slow our out put having more time for filtration at peri-tubules arterioles) --> act 1 demonstrates how efferent radius affects filtration

Front 11

Glomerular filtration rate

Back 11

index of kidney function - 80-140 mL/min --> 180 L daily

Front 12

Caffeine consumption increase urine formation

Back 12

by increase HR - BP --------- dilate afferent arteiole

Front 13

In desert - dehydrating --- benefiting by

Back 13

constrict afferent - dilate efferent (maintain BP reduce filtration) IF constrict the Efferent ----> urine volume will INcrease -- squeeze out

Front 14

If decrease Efferent diameter -------- urine out put willll

Back 14

increase -- squeeze out

Front 15

Starling forces -- hydrostatic and osmotic pressure gradients ---- 125 mL/min

Back 15

drive the protein free fluid (that stay between capillary and Bowman capsule) -- has salts - organic molecules - act 2 modifies the pressure at afferent arterioles

Front 16

____________ % of blood is filtrated in glomerular capillaries

Back 16

20% permeablility i

Front 17

Urinary valves closed is analogous to _________

Back 17

tumor obstructing the renal tubulu

Front 18

Fluid movement between tubule lumen and interstitial spaces depending on

Back 18

total NaCl and urea concentration

Front 19

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases water permeability

Back 19

of the collecting duct ---> help conserve WATER in desert -- and concentrate the urine ________________ ONLY water ok no glc

Front 20

Reabsorption movement of water and solutes

Back 20

tubule lumen --- interstitial space -- back to peri-tubules capillaries

Front 21

The maximum solute concentrate is

Back 21

the amounts in the interstitial space (so it can be excreted again in collecting duct -- wo ADH)

Front 22

Solute conc (organic) in proximal tubule (where peri-tubule capiill) is the same as in blood because ___________

Back 22

water and solute filter into Bowman capsule (in lumen = capillaries)

Front 23

If solute conc (gradient) in interstitial space increases, then urine vol will _____________ and urine conc. will _______

Back 23

decrease (water follow salt) ------------------- increase (less water in urine)

Front 24

ONE more time ----------- > ADH will help conserve ________ and reabsorb __________ at ____________

Back 24

water ----------- collecting duct

Front 25

Tubule fluid OSMolarity will be greatest at ____________

Back 25

bottom of the loop of Henle (too tiny tube ---- solute will be reabsorbed into INTERstitial space at the proximal tubule and peri-tubule capillaries)

Front 26

Tubule fluid VOLume will be greatest at ____________

Back 26

proximal convoluted tubule

Front 27

if Blood loss = dehydration in desert , then afferent will ____________ and efferent will ______________

Back 27

constrict (reduce input) --------- dilate (not squeezing)

Front 28

We want Glomerulus Filtration Rate (Glo P) constant ------------ if Low BP, Afferent Dilation will ____________

Back 28

increase the GFR and GLu Pressure -- ALMOST

Front 29

We want Glomerulus Filtration Rate (Glo P) constant ------------ if Low BP (70 vs 90), EFFerent Dilation will ____________

Back 29

increase the GFR and GLu Pressure -- MARGINALLY

Front 30

We want Glomerulus Filtration Rate (Glo P) constant ------------ if Low BP, Afferent Dilation and EFFerent Dilation will ___________

Back 30

come back to almost normal

Front 31

BP decrease --- GFR will

Back 31

decrease (GFR)

Front 32

When BP increase, Afferent radius decrease ------------ GFR will

Back 32

be the same

Front 33

When BP increase, Efferent radius decrease ------------ GFR will

Back 33

increase

Front 34

Glc is absorbed in __________ number of port and via ____ ___ transport (wit Na) in APICAL membrane (lumen of tubule) ----- in proximal tubules

Back 34

finite (or else diabetes) ------------- secondary active outside tubule

Front 35

Glc is absorbed in __________ number of port and via ____ ___ transport (wit Na) in BasalLATEral membrane (toward to blood) --- in proximal tubules

Back 35

finite (or else diabetes) - --------------------- facilitated into blood

Front 36

The transport maximum is __________ reach in this experiement

Back 36

not --------------- because there is no GLc in the urine

Front 37

Glc transport gates locate at ____________`

Back 37

proximal tubules

Front 38

Aldosterone (Adrenal cortex) -- renin angiotensin system - same function with ADH

Back 38

when LOW BP --- signal by Angiotensin 2 and it acts on DISTAl tubules to REabsorb Na and secrete K out and some MORE at Collecting ducts-------------- water follow Na ----------- in addition of ADH to get more WATER at collecting duct

Front 39

When low BP ----> Renin is released and _______ doing cleaving and converting and stimulating (Aldosterone) to do the job

Back 39

cleave Angiotensinnogen into Angiotension 1 ----so that ------------ Endothelial cells convert Ang 1 to Angiotentensin 2 --------then Angio 2 stimulate Adrenal cortex secrete Aldosterone that --- tells Distal tub to get Na BACK -- water follow ---> inc Blood vol -- BP

Front 40

ADH from Hypothalamus and stored in Posterior pituitary gland ----- detect by _____

Back 40

body fluid osmolarity -- Pressure and Vol of cardiovascular system

Front 41

Urine conc and vol affects by 3

Back 41

solute conc in interstitial space-- ADH - Aldosterone (Renin)

Front 42

ADH -------------- Aldosterone --------- Renin

Back 42

Made in Hypothalamus (store in Pos Pituitary) ------- Adrenal cortex (then spread all over the body) --------- Renin granular of juxglo in kidney

Front 43

Aldosteron - ADH

Back 43

NaCl in and more K out ---------- H20 (make K relatively high)

Front 44

Tubules vol is greatest at

Back 44

proximal tubules ------ solute reabsorpt leave water