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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dna is the blueprint that codes for what |
Protein synthesis |
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A Gene holds the code for a what |
Protein |
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Why is a code specific |
The nitrogen base |
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A three sequential bases are called |
Triplet |
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What does a triplet code for |
An amino acid |
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Does an intro code for an Amino acid |
No |
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Does an exon code for an amino acid |
Yes |
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Where is RNA formed |
Nucleus |
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RNA is the "what" model |
Go-between |
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What are the 3 types of RNA |
mRNA rRNA tRNA |
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What type of RNA is Single stranded, copied with complementary base pairs, transcription, triplet code |
mRNA |
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What type of RNA is Where protein synthesis occurs, helps translate, structural component of ribosomes |
rRNA |
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What type of RNA is The carrier, anticodons, allows for peptide chain to grow, translation |
tRNA |
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Is mRNA transcription or translation |
Transcription |
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Is rRNA transcription or translation |
Translation |
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Is tRNA transcription or translation |
Translation |
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What are the phases of transcription |
Initiation Elongation Termination |
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What is the starting point of transcription called |
Promoter |
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Synthesizes mRNA reads and transcribes into mRNA ___ |
Polymerase |
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What occurs after mRNA is formed |
Editing |
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What is it called before mRNA editing |
Pre-mRNA |
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What is pre-mRNA made of |
Introns and exons |
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When mRNA is edited what is removed |
Introns |
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In translation what is the language of proteins |
Amino acids |
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The genetic code is made up of what |
Codons |
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How many codons are there possible |
64 |
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How many "stop" codons are there |
3 |
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What the the other codons that don't code for "stop" do |
Code for amino acids |
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How many amino acids are there |
20 |
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Translation sequence requires |
ATP, protein factors, and enzymes |
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Ribosomal protein binds to tRNA initiator ___ then to ____ to be ______ |
Methionine/ mRNA / decoded |
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Ribosomes scans mRNA looking for ____ which says ____ |
Methionine / start |
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At the end of initiation in translation tRNA is in what site |
P |
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What are the 3 steps of elongation |
Codon recognition Peptide bond formation Translocation |
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What happens in elongation at codon recognition |
tRNA binds to A site |
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What happens in elongation at peptide bond formation step |
tRNA is transferred from A site to P site and attaches aa to growing polypeptide |
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What happens at elongation where translocation happens |
Ribosomes shift down 3 bases of mRNA. A is empty so new tRNA can enter. The whole process can start over |
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What are "stop" codons |
UAG UGA UAA |
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What is added to the chain instead of another tRNA |
Water |
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An aminoacyl- tRNA is what |
Amino acid |
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What is the opposite of what an amino acid desires |
Anti codon |
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Will an anticodon bind to any mRNA |
No |
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Where does translation occur |
Ribosome |
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What are the 3 sites in the ribosome |
A, P, E |
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What is A site |
Site for incoming aminoacyl- tRNA |
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What is P site |
Peptidyl site for tRNA linked to growing peptide |
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What is the E site |
Exit site |
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Epithelia tissues have how many names |
2 |
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What is the first name and second name of the epithelia tissue |
#of layer, shape of cell |
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What is the name for single layer of cells |
Simple |
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Two or more layers of cells name |
Stratified |
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Shape of cell is flat |
Squamous |
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Shape of cell is cube like |
Cuboidal |
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The shape of cell is column |
Columnar |
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If there are multiple layers and there are many shapes which layer are they named after |
Apical |
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What are the two types of epithelium |
Simple epithelium (lining) Glandular epithelium (hormones, organs, secretion) |
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What is the function of simple squamous epithelium |
Rapid diffusion is priority |
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What are the 2 types of simple squamous epithelium |
Endothelium (within) Mesothelium (membrane) |
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What is endothelium |
Lining of lymphatic vessels and heart |
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What is mesothelium |
Serous membrane in ventral body cavity |
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What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium |
Secretion and absorption |
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Where is the simple cuboidal epithelium |
Small ducts, glands, and kidney tubules |
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What is the function of simple columnar epithelium |
Absorption and secretion of mucus and enzymes |
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What does ciliated cells move in the simple columnar epithelium |
Mucus |
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How many layers are there in pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
One |
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What is the function of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
Secretion of mucus and movement of mucus via cilia in a sweeping action |
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Where is the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
Upper respiratory tract, ducts of large glands, tubules in testes |
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What is stratified |
2 or more layers |
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Where do new cells regenerate from in stratified layers |
Below |
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What is the major role of stratified layers |
Protect |
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What are the 4 types of stratified tissue |
Stratified squamous epithelium Stratified columnar Stratified cuboidal Transcription epithelium |
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What tissue is used for high wear and tear |
Stratified squamous |
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Where are keratinized skins cells at and where is non-keratinized cells at |
Keratinized :skin Non-keratinized: moist lining |
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Where tissue is used in sweat and mammary glands and is also rare |
Stratified cuboidal |
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What tissue is found in the lining of ducts, urethra, pharynx and is rare |
Stratified columnar |
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What tissue is the lining of hollow organs such as the bladder |
Transitional epithelium |
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What is special about transitional epithelium |
It changes shape |
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What is one or more cells that makes and secrets fluid |
Gland |
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How is a gland classified |
Site of release and number of cells |
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What two site of releases are there in glands |
Endocrine and exocrine |
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What is endocrine |
A gland that internally secretes (hormones) |
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What is exocrine |
Where a gland externally secrets (sweat) |
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What type of glands of there based on number of cells |
Unicellular and multicellular |
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Do endocrine glands have ducts |
No (no ducks inside your body) |
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Where are endocrine secretions released |
Interstitial fluid and is picked up by circulatory system |
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How do endocrine secrete hormones by |
Exocytosis |
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Secretion in exocrine glands have ___ that lead to the ___& |
Ducts/ skin or body cavities |
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Multicellular exocrine glands are surrounded by supportive connective tissue that supplies ___ and ____ |
Blood / nerve fibers |
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What are the modes of secretion in exocrine glands |
Merocrine: exocytosis Holocrine: whole cell ruptures Apocrine: an Alex ruptures |
