A&p 1 Chapter 8

Front 1

Bones of the upper and lower extremities and the pectoral and pelvic griddles that connect the limbs to the trunk

Back 1

Appendicular Skeleton

(Includes)

Front 2

On each side, a clavicle and scapula position the shoulder joint, upper limb, and provide a base for arm movement and muscles.

Back 2

Pectoral Gridle

Front 3

* S-Shaped

* Parts: sternal and acromial end

Back 3

Clavicle

(Collar Bone)

Front 4

*Structures: body, superior body,medial border,lateral border, superior angle, inferior angle, lateral angle, glenoid cavity, subscapular fossa, coracoid process, acromion process

Back 4

Scapula

(shoulder blade)

Front 5

includes bones of the arms, forearms, wrist, and hands

Back 5

Upper Limbs

Front 6

*Structure: greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, intertubercular groove, anatomical neck, surgical neck, shaft,deltoid tuberosity,radial groove, medial and lateral epicondlyes, condlye, trochlea, coroniod fossa, olecranon fossa, capitulum, radial fossa

Back 6

Humerus

Front 7

Structures: olecranon, trochlear notch, coronoid process, redial notch, head, styloid process, articular cartilage.

Back 7

Ulna

Front 8

*parallels the ulna

*Structures: head, neck, radial tuberosity, ulnar notch

*Proximal radiolnar articulation permits rotation

Back 8

Radius

Front 9

movement when radius rolls across the rounded surface of the ulnar head.

Back 9

Pronation

Front 10

reverse movement of pronation, radius returns to its anatomical position.

Back 10

Supination

Front 11

*form two rows

* Four proximal carpal and four distal carpal bones.

*The distal row articulates with the five metacarpal bones

Back 11

Carpal bones of the wrist or carpus

Front 12

*14 Phalanges (finger bones)

*Four of the fingers contain three pyalanges; the pollex ( thumb) has only two.

Back 12

Hand

Front 13

*more massive than those of the pectoral girdle(high stress involved in weight bearing and locomotion)

*consist of two coxae; each coxa forms through the fusion of the lilim, an ischium, and a pubis.

Back 13

Pelvic Girdle

Front 14

structures:lunate surface, arcuate line, iliac crest, anterior superior and anterior inferior iliac spines, posterior superior and posterior inferior iliac spines, greater sciatic notch, ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch, ischial tuberosity, ramus, inferior ramus, superior ramus, pubic crest, obturator foramen, iliac fossa, auricular surface, iliac tuberosity

Back 14

Pelvic Girdle

Front 15

limits movement between the pubic bones of the left and right coxae

Back 15

Pubic Symphysis

Front 16

Coxae, sacrum, and Coccyx

Back 16

The pelvis consist of..

Front 17

*false (greater) pelvis

*true( lesser) pelvis

Back 17

Pelvic subdivisions

Front 18

Blade like portions of the ilium superior to the arcuate line

Back 18

False (greater) Pelvis

Front 19

Structures inferior to the arcuate line: inferior portions of the ilium, pubic bones, ischia, sacrum and coccyx

Back 19

True ( lesser) Pelvis

Front 20

Bone edge of the true pelvis

Back 20

Pelvic Brim

Front 21

Enclosed space if the true pelvis

Back 21

Pelvic inlet

Front 22

Opening bounded by the inferior edges of the pelvis

Back 22

Pelvic Outlet

Front 23

region bounded by the coccyx, ischial tuberosities, inferior border of the pubic symphysis

Back 23

Perineum

Front 24

*adaptions for childbearing

*related to support weight of fetus and uterus

*passage of newborn through the pelvic outlet

Back 24

Female Pelvis

Front 25

*consist of the femur, patella, tibia, fibular, bones of the ankle and foot

Back 25

Lower Limbs

Front 26

*Longest bone in the body

*articulates with the tibia at the knee joint

Back 26

Femur

Front 27

*Largest sesamoid bone

*areas: body, apex

*Structures: Medial and lateral facets

Back 27

Patella or Kneecap

Front 28

*Medial bone of the leg

Back 28

Tibia

Front 29

*parallels the tibia laterally

Back 29

Fibula

Front 30

Consist of seven tarsal bones ( talus, calaneus, cubiod, navicular, three cuneiform bones)

Back 30

Tarsus or Ankle

Front 31

basic organizational pattern of the five metatarsal bones and fourteen phalanges of the foot resembles that of the hand.

Back 31

Foot

Front 32

When normal arches do not form, cannot walk long distances without discomfort.

Back 32

Flat Feet

Front 33

Inherited developmental abnormality; feet are turned medially and inverted.

Back 33

Congenital talipes equinvarus

(clubfoot)

Front 34

All of the toes have three phalanges except for the hallux, which has two

Back 34

Foot

Front 35

*Structures: head, shaft, lateral malleouls

Back 35

Fibula

Front 36

*Structures: Medial and lateral tibial condyles, anterior crest, medial malleous

Back 36

Tibia

Front 37

*Structures: head, fovea capitis, neck, shaft, greater and lesser trochanter, intertrochanteric line, intertrochanteric crest, linea aspera, medial and lateral epicondyles, intercondyar fossa, patellar surface

Back 37

Femur

Front 38

*more massive that upper limbs because the lower limbs transfer the weight of the body to the ground

Back 38

Lower Limbs

Front 39

*ilium is largest coxal bone.

*inside the acetabulum, the ilium is fused to the ischium (posteriorly) and the pubis (anterior)

Back 39

Pelvic Girdle

Front 40

* The greater and lessor tubercles are important sites of muscle attachment.

Back 40

Humerus

Front 41

*Articulates with the radius and ulna, the bones of the foramen, at the elbow (olecranal or humeroulnar) joint.

Back 41

Humerus

Front 42

*Articulates with the humerus at the shoulder(glenohumeral or scapulohumeral) joint.

Back 42

Scapula

(shoulder blade)

Front 43

*The Scapular spine crosses the scapular body

Back 43

Scapula

(shoulder blade)

Front 44

* Both the coracoid and acromion processes are attached to ligaments and tendons.

Back 44

Scapula

(shoulder blade)

Front 45

When a person stands normally, most of the body weight is transferred to.....

Back 45

the calcaneus, and the rest is passed on to the five metatarsal bones.

Front 46

Longitudinal arch; there is also a transverse arch.

Back 46

Weight transfer occurs along the..

Front 47

race, medical history, weight, gender, body size, muscle mass, and age

Back 47

Human Skeleton can reveal what important information

Front 48

changes begin at age 1 and continue through life.

Back 48

Age-related changes and events take place in the skeletal system..

Front 49

is important to clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Back 49

Understanding of individual variation and normal timing of skeletal development...