Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
List the properties of striated (skeletal), cardiac and smooth muscle? |
Skeletal - Multinucleated, large fibers, contains the sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, t-tubules, myofibrils, & the sarcomere Cardiac- branched fibers, single nuclei, t-tubules are short & broad, t-tubules encircle the sarcomere at the Z line Smooth - spindle shaped cells, corkscrew contraction, sarcoplasmic reticulum forms loose network, thick filaments throughout sarcoplasm, thin filaments attached to dense bodies |
|
|
|
What parts of muscle tissue composes a tendon? |
Dense regular connective tissue (epimysium) |
Connective |
|
|
Thick and thin filaments consist of what proteins? |
F-actin, nebulin, tropomysin, & troponin |
|
|
|
What is the source of energy in muscle cells? |
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
A..B..C.. |
|
|
What substance binds receptor on the Sarcolemma stimulating contractions? |
Calcium ions (Ca ^2+) |
Calculus ×2 |
|
|
Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction |
Basis of contraction, occurs in every sarcomere along the myofibril, neuron releases Ach at the synapse, contraction pulls on tendon (tension) (neural control), under brain. Actin & myosin slide toward each other & pull apart with titin |
|
|
|
What is a motor unit? |
A muscle controlled by a motor neuron |
Biceps and motors |
|
|
When do isotonic and isometric contractions occur? |
Isometric contractions occur when the tension never exceeds the load Isotonic contractions occur when the tension rises (length of muscle changes) |
Tension down and up |
|
|
What are small masses of neuron cell bodies located inside and outside the CNS called |
Ganglia |
Ghandi Ria |
|
|
What is the substance released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse called? |
Neurotransmitter |
Neuron express |
|
|
What are the neuroglia in the nervous system and their function? |
(CUS) Ependymal cells- CSF surrounds brain & spinal cord lines ventricles & central canal of brain - Oligodendrocytes- provide structural framework to the axon, myelinates CUS axons (PNS) Schwann Cells - myelin ate axons, enclose many unmylenated neurons, neurilemma (outer surface of all) - Satellite Cells - surround cell bodies w/ ganglia, regulate environment |
|
|
|
What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system? |
Sympathetic nervous & parasympathetic nervous |
Symphony and parasite |
|
|
What is the site of communication between two neurons? |
The synapse |
Sinus collapse |
|
|
What is the difference between graded and action potentials? |
Action potentials - depolarozation to threshold, depolarization phase, repolarizing phase, after-hyperpolarizing phase, refractory period Graded potential- localized & short lived, small deviation from resting membrane potential, causes changes in transmembrane potential, commonly occur in nerve, muscle, epithelial alls, glands, adipocytes, & sensory receptors |
|
|
|
What is the branch of a neuron that carries a nerve impulse away from the cell body? |
The axon |
Ax |
|
|
What is the primary activity during the depolarization and re polarization phase of an action potential? |
Muscle contraction & relaxation |
Biceps contact and relax |
|
|
What defines the term continuous and salutatory conduction? |
The propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons from one node of ranvier to the next one, increasing the velocity of action potentials |
|
|
|
What are the properties of type A neurons? |
-largest myelinated axon - carry action potential at a speed of 268 mph - carry proprioception, vestibular sense, delicate touch, & pressure - 4-20 micrometers |
|
|
|
Define a synapse |
A junction between two nerve cells consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter |
60 sec on neuron express |
|
|
What is acetylcholine's action on the NMJ? |
It diffuses through the synaptic cleft & binds NACHRS on the sarcolemma. (*It depolarizes the muscle fiber causing contraction of the muscle*) |
Fiber to contracting biceps |
|
|
What is an EPSP and IPS? (where do they occur and how?) |
EPSP - exitatory postsynaptic potential • opens Na or Ca channels • graded depolarization IPSP - inhibitory postsynaptic potential • graded hyperpolarization • open K & Cl channels |
|
|
|
Describe the relationship between CNS and PNS and their neurons? |
The CNS integrates, processes, and interprets sensory data from receptors. The PNS delivers the sensory info in the brain and motor from the brain. |
Takes in, takes out |
