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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anxiety Disorder symptoms overlap with what other disorder
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Depression
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Diagnostic comorbidit in anxiety disorders
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over 50% of patients with a principal DSM diagnosi of anxiety disorder hae one or more additional diagnois. Generalized anxiety disorder highsst co-morbidity - 80% have other anxiety or mood disorder
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Panic Disorder
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two or more unexpected panic attacks - one month of persistent concern about having another.
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Agoraphobia
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fear about being in places where escape is difficult or embarrassing or help not available if panic attack occurs.
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Agoraphobia - Prevelance
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1-2 percent in community samples.
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Agoraphobia - Gender/AGe
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more common in females. 75% are female. onset common in adolescents or during mid 30's. children don't usually get diagnois becasue don't have cognitve abillity to catastrophic interpretations of bodily symptoms
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Treatment of Panic Disorders
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In vivo exposure with response prevention (flooding) is considered most effective. supplemented with cognitive therapy, breathing training. Panic disorder responsive to tca ssri and benzodiazepines. relapse is high when drug treatment used alone.
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Differential Diagnosis - Panic Disorders
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before diagnosed must rule out physical conditions of hyperthyroidism, hypglycemia, cardiac arrhythmia, and mitral valve prolapse.
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Specific Phobia
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marked and persistent fear of a specific object. onset usually during childhood or in the mid 20s.
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Eiology - Specific Phobia - Two FActor Theory
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phobias result of avoidnance conditioning - involves operant conditioning and classical conditiong. People first learn to fear a netral stimulus de to pairing it with an intrinsically anxiety arousing stimulus. Avoiding is negatively reinforced becsaue of avoiding it.
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Treatment of Specific Phobia
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In vivo treatrment of choice. Cognitive Self control - incorporates relaxation, visualization aof a pleasent scene,and positive self-statements.
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Social Phobia
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persistet fear of social or performance situations that may cause embarrassment or humiliation as a result of scrutiny or evaluation by others.
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Treatment of Social Phobia
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Exposure most effective. effectivness increases with social skills trianing and cognitive tech. antidepressants have found to be effectiv and beta-blocker helps somatic symptoms of anxiety.
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
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diagnosis requires person to be aware that obsessions are excessive or unreasonable
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OCD - Gender
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equally common but age of onset earlier for males
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Etiology of OCD
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low levels of neurotransmitter - effectivelness of block ing reuptake of serotonin. overactivity in the right caudate nucleaus..involved oi converting sensory input into cognition and action
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OCD Treatment
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exposure with response prevention and tricyclic clomipramine or SSRI
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
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Symptoms must be present ofr at least one month. prognosis usually worse with a delayed onset.
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PTSD treatment
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comprehensive CBT approach tha ncorporates exposure, cognitive restructuring, and anxiety managment or smiliar tech. SSRI might be useful additional treatment to reduce certain symptoms. Psychological Debreifing after incident is not effective and may make symptoms worse. EDMR still controversial, evidence that its benefits may be due to exposure and other nonspecific factors rather than eye movements
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Acute Stress Disorder
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similar to PTSD excet symptoms must have an onset within four weeks of the trauma and must last for at least two days but no longer than four weeks.
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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worry and anxiety about multiple events that are relativley consistant for six months.
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GAD and Age
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Children and adolescents with this disorder most often worry about performance in school and sports activiets or about earthquakes, tornados. Young adults - future, family, finances. older adults worry about minor or routine matters.
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GAD - Treatment
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multicomponent CBT intervention. CBT and pharmacological approach most effective
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