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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the live, attenuated vaccines. |
Nasal influenza vaccine (FluMist) Oral polio vaccine (Sabin) MumpsMeaslesRubella Varicella (Varivax) MMRV (ProQuad) Zoster (Zostavax) Rotavirus vaccines |
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Name the inactivated ("killed") vaccines. |
Inactivated polio vaccine (Salk) Inactivated influenza vaccines Hepatitis A vaccine Rabies vaccine |
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Why don't inactivated vaccines provide long-lasting immunity compared to attenuated vaccines? |
Inactivated vaccines do not provide protection as long-lasting as with live vaccines because the microbes in the vaccine do not produce a T-cell reaction. |
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What is immune mechanism for inactivated vaccines? |
The first dose "primes" the immune system. B cells respond to the vaccine antigens with an antibody response (humoral immunity). Some B cells become memory cells to help the immune system stay aware of these microbes. |
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What is the immune mechanism for attenuated vaccines? |
T cells and B cells react strongly to the vaccine. B cells create a strong antibody response to attack microbes that hide in between cells or in the blood. T cells respond as if it were a real infection, with killer T cells getting rid of virus-infected cells and helper T cells signaling B cells to produce antibodies. Memory cells are produced, so immunity is long-lasting. |
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What are the subunit (component vaccines)? |
Hepatitis B vaccine Human papilloma virus vaccine New influenza vaccine |
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What is the composition of subunit vaccines? |
Subunit vaccines contain only individual proteins or peptides from the microbe. These will induce an immune response which will protect against the live microbe. Subunit vaccines are created in 2 ways: growing the microbe in the lab, then breaking it apart chemically or manufacturing the microbe molecules using recombinant DNA technology. Another type of subunit vaccine is called a virus-like particle vaccine (also known as a VLP or pseudovirion vaccine). Virus-like particles are non-infectious virion look-alikes that contain one or more, but not all, virion proteins. |
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What are the toxoid vaccines? |
Tetanus Diphtheria Acellular pertussis vaccine |
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What are the conjugate vaccines? |
Pure Polysaccharide: - Pneumococcal vaccine - Meningococcal vaccine Conjugate: - Haemophilus influenzae b vaccine - Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine - Meningococcal conjugate vaccine |
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What is the immune mechanism for conjugate vaccines? |
Polysaccharide vaccines trigger a T-cell-independent response (helper T cells are not activated).No T-cell involvement means limited activation of B cells. Limited B-cell involvement means there are very few memory cells created, so there is no long-term immunity. Conjugate vaccines address this problem. In these vaccines, polysaccharides are covalently linked to antigens or toxoids that the immune system can recognize. This link helps the immune system defend itself against attack by microbes that have a polysaccharide coating. Since conjugate vaccines stimulate the T cells, which then signal the B cells, which then turn into memory cells, long-term immunity is achieved. |
