Antineoplastic Afents

Front 1

Seven warning signs of Cancer?

Back 1

Change in bowel or bladder.

A sore that does not heal.

Unusual bleeding or discharge.

Thickening or lump in breast/elsewhere.

Indigestion or difficulty swallowing.

Obvious changes in a wart or mole.

Nagging cough or hoarseness.

Front 2

The basic cell cycle G°

Back 2

Resting or dormant stage

Front 3

Basic Cell cycle G 1

Back 3

The first gap phase

Front 4

The basic cell cycle S

Back 4

DNA synthesis occurs

Front 5

The basic cell cycle G 2

Back 5

The second gap phase

Front 6

The basic cell cycle M

Back 6

Mitosis occurs

Front 7

The basic cell cycle and it's importance in the use of antineoplastic agents.

Back 7

Some antineoplastic agents target cancer cells in various stages of the cell cycle, which, in part, determines how and when they are used.

Front 8

Alkylating agents

Back 8

Nitrogen mustards, ethyleneimines, alykyl sulfonates, nitrosoureas, and triazenes.

Front 9

Antimetabolites

Back 9

Purine antagonists, adenosine antagonists, pyrimide antagonists, and folic acid antagonists.

Front 10

Mitotic Inhibitors (plant alkalods)

Back 10

Vincristine and vinblastine

Front 11

Hormonal Therapy

Back 11

Estrogens, progestins, and androgens.

Front 12

Antitumor antibiotics

Back 12

Doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, plicamycin, bleomycin, and mitomycin.

Front 13

Biologic response modifiers

Back 13

Interferons, interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor, and monoclonal antibodies.

Front 14

Alkylating agents

Back 14

Cell cycle phase-nonspecific; most active in resting phase; act directly on DNA strand breaks, thus preventing the cell from dividing.

Front 15

Antimetabolites

Back 15

Cell cycle phase-specific; most effective during S-phase; replace natural substances as building blocks DNA molecules, altering the function of enzymes required for cell metabolism and protein synthesis.

Front 16

Mitotic inhibitors

Back 16

Act throughout cell cycle; some are most effective during S- and M-phases; inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis.

Front 17

Hormonal agents

Back 17

Highly selective; either block hormone production or block hormone action

Front 18

Biologic response modifiers

Back 18

Affect biologic responses to a neoplasm in beneficial ways- sometimes acting indirectly to mediate antitumor effects or directly on the tumor cells

Front 19

Steroids

Back 19

Inhibit migration of WBCs and inhibit production of products of the arachidonic acid cascade.

Front 20

Estrogens

Back 20

Promote the release of calcitonin and enhance the availability of vitamin D3 to increase bone formation in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer

Front 21

Antiestrogens

Back 21

Bind to estrogen receptors, preventing estrogen from binding to these receptors

Front 22

Antiandrogens

Back 22

Block the synthesis of endogenous testosterone

Front 23

Biologic response modifiers are created and how they work

Back 23

Human proteins modified by recombinant DNA technology to produce agents with potent effects on the function and growth of normal and neoplastic cells.

Front 24

Biologic response modifier examples

Back 24

Interferon, interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor, and monoclonal antibodies

Front 25

Monoclonal antibodies

Back 25

Can be used to specifically track down and purify the specific protein that induced their formation

Front 26

Emulating agents

Back 26

Oral mucosal ulceration and intestinal denudations, pulmonary fibrosis and venoocclusive disease in the liver, renal failure, or central neurotoxicity with seizures, coma, and at times, death; most of these agents cause hair loss; some cause nausea and vomiting; ifosfamide is the most neurotoxin of this class, producing altered mental status, coma, generalized seizures, and paralysis. All these agents have toxic effects on the reproductive system.

Front 27

Antimetabolites

Back 27

Nausea, vomiting, hepatotoxicity, bone marrow depression, headache, hearing loss, sleep disorders, depression, myelosuppression, :* disturbances, hair loss, dermatitis, nail changes, skin rashes, hyperpigmentation, photosensitivity, hyperuricemia, and inflammation of the tongue. Methotrexate may cause serious adverse effects, including severe leukopenia, bone marrow aplasia, and thrombocytopenia.

Front 28

Mitotic Inhibitors ( plant alkaloids)

Back 28

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, dizziness, weakness, headache, depression, stomatitis, anemia, and hyperpigmentation of the nails, tongue, and oral mucosa.

Front 29

Hormonal therapy

Back 29

GI disturbances, possible impaired fertility, menstrual irregularities

Front 30

Antitumor antibiotics

Back 30

Bone marrow suppression, stomatitis, GI upset, hair loss, hyperpigmentation, skin ulceration, pulmonary fibrosis, serious renal impairment.

Front 31

Biologic response modifiers

Back 31

Nausea, vomiting, weight gain, fluid retention, and damage to the liver, lungs, nerves, or kidneys.