Antibiotics Module 1-4

Front 1

Drug

Back 1

Any chemical that can affect living processes

Front 2

Phamacology

Back 2

the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems

Front 3

Clinical Phamacology

Back 3

the study of drugs in humans

Front 4

pharmacotherapeutics

Back 4

the use drugs to diagnosis, prevent, or treat disease or to prevent pregnancy

Front 5

Ideal Drug Properties

Back 5

Effectiveness, Safety, Selectivity(no drug only elicits only a desired effect - side effects), Reversibility, Predictability, Ease of administration, Minimal drug interactions

Front 6

Therapeutic Objective

Back 6

The objective of a drug therapy is to have the maximum effectiveness with minimum harm.

Front 7

Effectiveness

Back 7

An effective drug is one that elicits the desired responses for which it is given for

Front 8

Safety

Back 8

There is NO such thing as a safe drug

Front 9

Pharmacokinetics

Back 9

Movement of meds thru the body

ADME

Absorptions, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

Hint 9

Four major pharmacokinetics processes

Front 10

Pharmacodynamics

Back 10

Impact of drugs on body & how they do it

Front 11

Absorption

Back 11

time the drug takes to get from the site of entry until it gets to the blood stream (or GI - oral)

Front 12

Distribution

Back 12

Blood stream to the site of action

Front 13

Metabolism

Back 13

Biotransformation of the medication (liver)

Front 14

Excretion

Back 14

Elimination of Drug (kidneys)

Front 15

Enteral

Back 15

Oral - GI tract

Front 16

Parenteral

Back 16

Injection - outside of GI

Front 17

therapeutic effect

Back 17

the largest effect that a drug can have

Front 18

Therapeutic Index

Back 18

Is a measure of the drugs safety
TI = LD(50%)/ED(50%)
High/Large therapeutic dose means the drug is safer
Lethal Dose/Therapeutic Response

Front 19

Agonist

Back 19

will "light up" for intended action

Front 20

Antagonist

Back 20

will block receptor and not allow intended reponse

Front 21

Bioavailablility

Back 21

are equal if the drug they contain is absorbed @ the same rate and to the same extent

Front 22

Hepatotoxic

Back 22

Liver toxicity

Front 23

Empiric Therapy

Back 23

the method of treating a disease based on observation and experience w/o understanding of the cause

Front 24

First-pass effect

Back 24

drugs that get diminished due to the oral route-->GI - liver - bloodstream- it loses some "power" along the way by being absorbed in the liver first

Front 25

Half Life

Back 25

Amount of time it takes for half the drug to be excreted/inactive - Day 5 after 4 half lives is the average

Front 26

5 Rights of Medication Administration

Back 26

Right Patient
Right Drug
Right Time
Right Dose
Right Route

Front 27

Idiosyncratic effect

Back 27

an uncommon drug response caused by a predisposing genetic condition

Front 28

Iatrogenic Disease

Back 28

A disease produced by drugs or the act of physician

Front 29

carcinogenic effect

Back 29

ability to cause cancer

Front 30

teratogenic effect

Back 30

anything that effects the normal prenatal development

Front 31

IOM
Chemotherapy

Back 31

Can be carcinogenic
Causes tissue necrosis w/extravasation
Considered a biohazard spill w/ significant risks to those who come into direct contact with the drug

Hint 31

Cancer

Front 32

IOM
metformin

Back 32

Small but potentially fatal risk of lactic acidosis w/ admin
Metformin is a useful anti-hyperglycemic agent but drug mortality is associated with drug-induced lactic acidosis
renal or hepatic disease, alcoholism and conditions w/ hypoxia are contraindications
Metformin induce lactic acidosis risks: sepsis, dehydration, high dosages and increased age

Hint 32

lactic a

Front 33

IOM
IV Potassium

Back 33

Risk of overdose which can lead to life threatening dysrhthmias

Hint 33

HEART ATTACK!

Front 34

IOM
Saline >0.9% concentration

Back 34

High risk for injury caused by severe fluid shift due to changes in serum osmolality caused by IV administration of hypertonic saline solution

Hint 34

Dehydration - too much salt

Front 35

IOM
Heparin UFH and LMWH

Back 35

Can be confused w/ insulin due to packaging and are high use meds, dosed in units, and are often given as continuous IV

Hint 35

don't get confused with...

Front 36

IOM
Insulin

Back 36

Can be confused w/ heparin due to packaging... see heparin

Hint 36

don't get confused with...

Front 37

Neuromuscular Blockers

Back 37

Complete paralysis, including respiratory muscles
If given in error to a patient w/out mechanical ventilation, patient will experience respiratory arrest

Front 38

PCA
Patient controlled analgesia

Back 38

PCA errors regarding concentration and rate can cause severe respiratory depression or ineffective pain control for the patient