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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oral bioavailability of most beta-lactam antibiotics
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5-10% of IV route
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Three antibiotics known for their excellent bioavailability
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Clindamycin
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole Linezolid |
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When does the bilirubin-albumin binding capacity reach adult levels in neonates?
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Around 5 months of age.
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Which antibiotics are not given to neonates under 5 months of age because they can dislodge unconjugated bilirubin from albumin causing hyperbilirubinemia +/- kernicterus?
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ceftriaxone (cefotaxime/ceftazidime okay)
sulfonamides |
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Which two groups of antibiotics are eliminated almost exclusively by the kidneys?
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Aminoglycosides
Glycopeptides |
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About when does a neonatals GFR capacity approach that of an adult's?
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Around 6 months
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2 types of bactericidal activity
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Time-dependent
Concentration-dependent |
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Antibiotics which are time-dependent killers
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PCNs
cephalosporins vancomycin clindamycin macrolides |
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Antibiotics which are concentration-dependent killers
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aminoglycosides
fluoroquinolones |
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4 conditions under which antibiotic therapy should be prolonged
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1) for tissues in which antibiotic concentrations are not high (e.g. bone)
2) for organisms which are less susceptible 3) when a relapse is unacceptable (e.g. meningitis) 4) when a host is immunocompromised |
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Bacteria from which PCN is derived
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Penicillium chrysogenum
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Broad-spectrum penicillins used to treat pseudomonas, in addition to gram positives and gram negatives
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carboxypenicillins
carbenicillin ticarcillin (better) ureidopenicillins mezlocillin azlocillin piperacillin |
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Extended-spectrum penicillins used to treat gram-negatives and enterococci, in addition to gram positives
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Aminopenicillins
ampicillin amoxicillin bacampacillin |
