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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Disk test |
Identifies the antibiotic that is most effective against a specific bacteria |
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What is emperor therapy? |
Broad spectrum antibiotic (Kills everything) |
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What is definitive therapy? |
Narrow spectrum (targets specific bacteria) |
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What is prophylactic therapy? |
Prevents infection (gun shot, knife wound, surgery in gut) |
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What are the risks when taking a broad spectrum antibiotic? |
It kills normal flora too, so you could develop a yeast infection or diarrhea |
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What type of antibiotic should not be given to kids? Why? |
Tetracyclines Greys their teeth |
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Why can’t flourquinilones be given to children? |
It effects their cartilage development |
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Why should you monitor patients that are taking penicillin for the first time? |
They may be allergic. Look for symptoms. |
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What 4 antibiotics are considered beta-lactams? |
Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbapenems Monobactams |
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What is the MOA for beta-lactams? |
They inhibit penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) which link all the parts of the peptidoglycan layer. Messes with the structure. |
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What is bacterial resistance? |
The ability of bacteria to resist antibiotic action |
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What are beta lactamases? |
Bacteria produce enzymes that destroy beta-lactam antibiotics |
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Are first generation antibiotics or fourth generation antibiotics more gram negative? |
Fourth generation |
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What penicillin generation is staph aureus resistant to? |
1st generation penicillins |
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What are 1st generation penicillins used for? |
Strep |
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Why is it important to remember that not all PCN’s end in “cillin”? |
You could accidentally give a PCN to someone with a penicillin allergy |
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PCN ADR’s |
Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Abdominal pain Rare: allergic reaction |
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What is clavulanic acid? |
Beta-lactamase inhibitor |
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When would you need to take a cephalosporin? |
Penicillin allergy Bacterial resistance Gram negative infections |
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Why wouldn’t you treat a PCN allergy with a cephalosporin? |
If it’s a severe PCN allergy because they might also be allergic to cephalosporins |
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What is primaxin? |
A carbapenem |
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What is azactam? |
A monobactam |
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What kind of antibiotic is especially effective against gram negative bacteria? |
Aminoglycosides |
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What is gentamicin? |
An aminoglycoside |
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What is neomycin? |
An aminoglycoside |
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What is tobramycin? |
An aminoglycoside |
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What is amikacin? |
An aminoglycoside |
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Which aminoglycoside can be bought OTC? |
Neomycin |
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Aminoglycoside ADR’s |
Nephrotixicity Ototoxocity (hearing loss for pregnant people) |
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MOA of aminoglycosides |
They irreversibly bind to the 30s ribosome subunit and inhibit translation. |
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What antibiotic is effective against both gram positive bowels gram negative? |
Tetracyclines |
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How early before and how soon after a meal should you take a tetracycline? |
1hr before a meal 3 hours after a meal |
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MOA of tetracyclines |
They reversibly bind to the 30s ribosome. |
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What is doxcycline? |
A tetracycline |
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Minocycline |
Tetracycline |
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Demeclocycline |
Tetracycline |
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tetracycline ADR’s |
Photosensitivity (easy sunburn) Graying teeth Bone growth retardation (pregnancy category D, bind calcium in fetus) |
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What 3 bacteria do tetracyclines fight? |
H. pylori Acne Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
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MOA of macrolides |
Bind to 50s ribosome to inhibit protein synthesis |
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Erythromycin |
Macrolide |
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Azithromycin |
Macrolide |
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Clarithromycin |
Macrolide |
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Fidacomicin |
Macrolide |
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What do macrolide treat? |
UTI’s Respiratory infections |
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What antibiotic treats sever liver disease? |
Ketolide |
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Ketek |
Ketolide |
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What is the #1 DOC for UTI’s? |
Sulfonamides |
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Bactrim |
Sulfonamide |
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MOA of sulfonamides |
They inhibit the production of folic acid in bacteria. Folic acid is required for RNA bowels DNA synthesis. |
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MOA of fluroquinolones |
Inhibit DNA gyrase which is necessary for bacterial replication |
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Flurquinolones ADR |
Ruptured tendons |
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Ciprofloxin |
Fluroquinolone |
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Norfloxacin |
Fluroquinolone |
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Levofloxacin |
Fluroquinolone |
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Moxifloxacin |
Fluroquinolone |
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Gemifloxacin |
Fluroquinolone |
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Clindamycin |
ITS AN ANTIBIOTIC |
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What does linezolid treat? |
VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus) |
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What does flagyl treat? |
C. dif |
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What does furadantin treat? |
UTI’s |
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Why can’t flagyl be taken with alcohol? |
Disulfiram Reaction Alcohol is toxic so it must turn into acetaldehyde and then into acetic acid. This reaction won’t let it turn into acetic acid, so you start vomiting. |
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What must you do before beginning antibiotic therapy? |
Obtain cultures (sensitivity test) |
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How much fluid should be taken with sulfonamides? |
2000-3000 ml of fluid |
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What antibiotic shouldn’t be taken with juices? Why? |
Penicillins The acetic fluids will nullify the drugs action. |
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Do PCN’s work on MRSA? |
No |
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What antibiotic is MRSA susceptible to? |
Vancomycin |
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What is red man syndrome? What antibiotic causes it? |
Flushing from histamine release Vancomycin |
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MOA of transglycosylase |
Interferes with cell wall synthesis (not like beta lactams) |
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What are the 2 DOC’s for upper respiratory infections? |
Azythromycin Augmentin |
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What is most often used to treat community acquired pneumonia? |
Azithromycin Clarithromycin |
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What penicillin is used to treat burns? |
Timentin |
