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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Family of orientation |
Nuclear family in which one is born and grows up |
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Family of procreation |
Nuclear family established and one is married and has children |
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Descent group |
Group based on belief in shared ancestry |
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neolociality |
Living situation in which a couple establishes new residence |
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Extended family household |
household with three or more generations |
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Unilineal descent |
Matrilineal or patrilineal descent |
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Lineage |
Unilineal descent group based on demonstrated descent |
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Clan |
Unlineal descent group based on stipulated descent |
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Ambilineal descent |
Flexible descent rule, neither patrilineal nor matrilineal |
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Functional explanation |
One based on correlation or co-occurrence of social variables |
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Lineal kinship terminology |
Mother, father, father's brother=mother's brother and mother's sister=father's sister |
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Lineal relatives |
Ego's direct ancestors and descendants |
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Collateral relative |
Relative outside of ego's direct line, like brother, sister, father's brother, mother's sister |
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Affinals |
Relatives by marriage |
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Bifurcate merging kinship terminology |
Mother=mother's sister, father=father's brother, mother's brother, and father's sister stand alone |
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generational kinship terminology |
Mother=mother's sister=father's sister, and father=father's brother=mother's brother |
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bifurcate collateral kinship terminology |
mother, father, mother's brother, mother's sister, father's brother and father's sister |
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Genitor |
Biological father |
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Pater |
Social father |
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Parallel cousins |
Children of two brothers or two sisters. Mother's sister, father's brother's kids |
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Cross cousins |
Children of a brother and a sister, mother's brother's, father's sister's kids |
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Exogamy |
Marriage outside one's own group |
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Incest |
Sexual relations with a close relative |
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Endogamy |
Marriage of people from the same social group |
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Mater |
Socially recognized mother of a child |
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lobola |
A substantial martial gift from the husband and his kin to the wife and her kin |
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dowry |
substantial gifts to the husband's family from the wife's group |
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Plural marriage |
More than two spouses simultaneously; polygamy |
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Polygyny |
Man has more than one wife |
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Polyandry |
Woman has more than one husband |
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Levirate |
Widow marries brother of her deceased husband |
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Soroate |
Widower marries sister |
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Sexual Dimorphism |
Marked differences in male and female biology, beyond breasts and genitals |
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Gender |
The cultural construction of whether one is female, male, or something else |
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Gender roles |
The task and activities that a culture assigns to each sex |
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Gender sterotypes |
Oversimplified, strongly held views about the characteristics of males and females |
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Gender stratification |
Unequal distribution of social resources between men and women |
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Domestic-public dichotomoy |
Work at home versus more valued work outside the home |
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Patrilineal-patriolocial complex |
Male supremacy based on patrilineality, patriolocality, and warfare |
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Patrilineal descent |
Descent traced through men only |
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Patriarchy |
Political system ruled by men |
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Transgender |
Describes individuals whose gender identity contradicts their biological sex at birth and the gender identity assigned to them in infancy |
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Gender identity |
A person's identification by self and others as male, female, or something else |
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Sexual orientation |
Sexual attraction to persons of the opposite sex, same sex, or both sexes |
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Language |
Primary means of human communication, spoken or written |
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Call system |
Communication systems of nonhuman primates |
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Cultural transmission |
Transmission through learning, basic to language |
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Productivity |
Creating new expressions that are comprehensible to other speakers |
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Displacement |
Describing things and events that are not present; basic to language |
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Kinesics |
Study of communication through body movements and facial expressions |
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Phonology |
Study of sounds used in speech in a particular language |
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Morphology |
Study of morphemes and word construction |
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Lexicon |
all the morphemes in a language and their meanings |
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Syntax |
Arrangement and order of words in phrases and sentences |
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Phoneme |
Smallest sound contrast that distinguishes meaning |
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Phonetics |
Study of speech sounds what people actually say |
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Phonemics |
Study of significant sound contrasts in a language |
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Sapir-Whorf hypothesis |
Theory that different languages produce different patterns of thought |
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Focal vocabulary |
Set of words describing particular domains of experience |
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Ethnosemantics |
Study of lexical vocab categories and contrasts |
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Semantics |
A language's meaning system |
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Style shifts |
Varying one's speech in different social contexts |
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Diglossia |
Language with "high" and "low" dialects. Formal and informal. |
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Honorifics |
Terms of respect; used to honor people |
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African American Vernacular English |
Rule-governed dialect spoken by some African Americans |
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historical linguistics |
Study of languages over time |
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Subgroups |
Closely related languages |
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Daughter languages |
Languages sharing a common parent language, like Latin |
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protolanguage |
Language ancestral to several daughter languages |
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ethnic groups |
One among several culturally distinct groups in a society or region |
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ethnicity |
Identification with an ethnic group |
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status |
any position that determines where someone fits in society |
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ascribed status |
social status based on little or no choice |
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Achieved status |
Social status based on choices or accomplishments |
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race |
ethnic group assumed to have a biological basis |
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racism |
discrimination against an ethnic group assumed to have a biological basis |
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descent |
social identity based on ancestry |
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hypodescent |
children of mixed unions assigned to the same group as their minority parent |
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nation |
society sharing a language, religion, history, territory, ancestry, and kinship |
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state |
stratified society with a formal, central government |
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colonialism |
long term foreign domination of a territory and its people |
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nationalities |
ethnic groups that have, once had, or want their own country |
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assimilation |
absorption of minorities within a dominant culture |
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plural society |
society with economically interdependent ethnic groups |
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multiculturalism |
view of cultural diversity as valuable and worth maintaining |
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discrimination |
policies and practices that harm a group and its members |
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prejudice |
devaluing a group because of it's assumed attributes |
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sterotypes |
fixed ideas often unfavorable about what members of a group are like |
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genocide |
deliberate elimination of a group through mass murder |
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refugees |
people who flee a country to escape persecution or war |
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ethnocide |
destruction of cultures of certain ethnic groups |
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cultural colonialism |
internal domination by one group and its culture or ideology over others |
