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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the term that describes a group's system of economic production? |
adaptive strategy |
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What are the key features of foraging/hunting-gathering? |
mobility, use of nature's resources |
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What are the key features of horticulture/slash-and-burn? |
aka shifting cultivation, swidden, dry farming... known for the fallow period |
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What are the key features of agriculture/intensive farming? |
continuous use of land, intensive use of labor |
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What are the key features of pastoralism/herding? |
nomadism and transhumance |
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What are the key features of industrialism? |
factory production, capitalism, socialism |
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What sort of social organization is characteristic of foragers? |
bands |
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What is a band? |
small, flexible groups of less than 100 people, all related, which allows for seasonal adjustments & gender-based division of labor (women gather, men hunt and fish) |
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Foraging societies are typically egalitarian, what does that mean? |
everyone has a relatively equal status, with no presidents or rankings.. some distinctions are made according to age or gender |
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What is horticulture? |
-non-intensive plant cultivation -uses simple tools -cyclical, non-continuous use of land (land is kept fallow) -aka slash-and-burn |
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What is fallow land? |
land that is not being used at the moment, typical of horticulture |
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How is agriculture differ from horticulture? |
-agriculture is more labor intensive -domesticated animals are used in agri. -use of irrigation so land can be used more -terracing -horticulture requires FALLOWING |
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What are pastoral economies based upon? |
domesticated herd animals |
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What is Pastoral Nomadism? |
all members of the pastoral society follow the herd throughout the year |
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What is Transhumance Pastoralism? |
aka Agro-pastoralism, part of the society follows the herd, while the other part maintains a home village |
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What is an economy? |
a system of production, distribution, and consumption of resources |
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What does economic anthropology study? |
studies economics in a comparative perspective |
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What is a mode of production? |
a way of organizing production between contributors and laborers |
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What are the means of production? |
-land -labor (specialization) -technology |
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What is alienation in Industrial Economies? |
a worker is more detached from the product being made, there is less personal investment in it than in nonindustrial societies |
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What is the Classical Economic Theory? |
it assumes that individuals universally act rationally to maximize profit (which isn't true, there are different motives based on each culture) |
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How are politics organize in bands and tribes? |
politics are embedded in the overall social order (sociopolitical) |
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How are problems solved in foraging bands? |
conflict resolution is embedded in kinship and social ties |
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What is one's status based upon in a tribe? |
age, gender, and personality traits |
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What is the difference between ascribed and achieved status? |
ascribed: given at birth, not earned achieved: status that is earned through actions and such |
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What is Gramsci's concept of hegemony? |
applies when the dominant ideology of an elite has been internalized by people with less status; it is the "internalization of a dominant ideology" |
