Anthropology

Front 1

diurnal

Back 1

primates most active during the day

Front 2

nocturnal

Back 2

primate most active during the night

Front 3

arboreal

Back 3

tree living; adapted to life in the trees

Front 4

quadrupedal

Back 4

Using all four limbs to support the body during locomotion; the basic mammalian (and primate) form of locomotion

Front 5

frugivores

Back 5

-diet composed of fruit
-body size: medium/large(depends on trees)
-cusp pattern: low & round
-territory: largest

Front 6

primate characteristics

Back 6

1.adaptation to arboreal life
2.reliance on vision
3.ceretary plasticity
4.high dependence on learning

Front 7

folivores

Back 7

-diet composed of plants and leaves
-body size: large
-cusp pattern: large teeth, sharp, high crest
-territory: large/ medium

Front 8

insectivores

Back 8

-diet composed of insects
-body size: small
-cusp pattern: high, very sharp
-territory: small(concentrated)

Front 9

"energy budget"

Back 9

1.basal metabolic rate(resting metabolism)
2. active metabolism
3.growth rate
4.reproductive effort- work that parents put into offspring

Front 10

types of locomotion

Back 10

-suspensory
-leapers
-quadrupeds
-knuckle walkers

Front 11

diurnal vs nocturnal

Back 11

-diurnal uses vision
-nocturnal uses smell and hearing
*orbit size(eyes)

Front 12

arboreal vs terrestrial

Back 12

-arboreal- longer limbs, grasping trees with feet and hands
-terrestrial- walk upright
*limb proportions, body size, tooth size, joint size

Front 13

cryptics
*predators

Back 13

small body size/ group, nocturnal, least colorful to blend in at night

Front 14

run away
*predators

Back 14

body built for escaping

Front 15

fight back
*predators

Back 15

stand your ground; large body size

Front 16

large group size
*predators

Back 16

herds, packs
ex:hyenas

Front 17

"the three D's"

Back 17

1.detterance(fight)
2.detection(watch guard)
3.dilution

Front 18

Darwin's "hostile forces"

Back 18

1.physical environment
2.food
3.predators
4.mates

Front 19

natural selection

Back 19

-survival of the fittest
-organisms with the best features survive and reproduce therefore passing on traits to offspring

Front 20

reproductive fitness

Back 20

measurement of reproductive success, how many offspring an individual contributes

Front 21

adaptation

Back 21

physical characteristics that enhance an organisms ability to survive and reproduce

Front 22

4 forces of evolution

Back 22

1.natural selection
2.genetic drift(change in allele frequency)
3.gene flow(exchange of alleles between 2 populations)
4.mutation

Front 23

tooth comb

Back 23

anterior teeth that have been tilted forward, creating a scraper

Front 24

diastema

Back 24

a space between two teeth

Front 25

classifying

Back 25

kingdom, phylum, subphylum, class, order, tribe, genus, species

Front 26

human classification

Back 26

kingdom->animalia
phylum->chordates
subphylum->vertebrates
class->mammals
order->primates
tribe->hominin
genus->homo
species->sapiens

Front 27

sexual selection

Back 27

choosing your mate
(females choice: males competition)

Front 28

sexual dimorphism

Back 28

a difference in a physical attribute between the males and the females of a species

Front 29

trends the characterize primates:
adaptation to arboreal life

Back 29

-flexible skeletal structure
-grasping hands and feet
-opposable thumbs
-nails

Front 30

trends the characterize primates:
reliance on vision

Back 30

-post orbital bar
-stereoscopic vision
-color vision

Front 31

trends the characterize primates:
dietary plasticity

Back 31

-heterodant
-cusp pattern

Front 32

trends the characterize primates:
high dependence on learning

Back 32

-large brains
-few offspring
-slow life histories
-high sociality

Front 33

stereoscopic vision

Back 33

seeing an object with both eyes at the same time

Front 34

dental formula

Back 34

number of teeth summary

Front 35

post orbital bar

Back 35

bar that runs around eye socket in strepsirrhines; haplorhines have fully enclosed sockets to protect their eyes

Front 36

post orbital closure

Back 36

bony eye socket

Front 37

omnivores eat:

Back 37

whatever it wants

Front 38

folivores eat:

Back 38

plants and leaves

Front 39

frugivores eat:

Back 39

fruits

Front 40

insectivores eat:

Back 40

insects

Front 41

suspensory

Back 41

supporting muscle

Front 42

quadrupedal

Back 42

having four feet

Front 43

leapers

Back 43

leap/ bounce around

Front 44

knuckle walking

Back 44

quadrupedal walking supported by the knuckles

Front 45

monogomy

Back 45

one mate/ partner

Front 46

poligamy

Back 46

many mates/partners

Front 47

polyanary

Back 47

one woman, many men

Front 48

prehensile

Back 48

grasping limbs

Front 49

tapedum lucidem

Back 49

reflective mirror in the back of the eye; many nocturnal animals have this to see in the dark

Front 50

neocortext

Back 50

part in the brain concerned with sight and hearing in mammals

Front 51

adaptive radiation

Back 51

spread and form

Front 52

life history

Back 52

timing and details of growth and conception from birth to death