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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Full title and Host of the lemur movie
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In the Wild, Lemurs by John Cleese
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Title and Hosts of Macaque movie
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Be the Creature and Kratt Brothers
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what environments do the macaques live in?
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snowy mountains and coastal regions
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how do they differentiate biologically and culturally?
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Mountain - hot tub
Coastal - food washing thicker coat vs. thinner |
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Prosimians....where they fit in chart
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*Suborder level with anthropoidea
*above lemur,loris,tars |
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Prosimians...general characteristics
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*similar to early mammals
*long muzzle *Rhinarium (hairless nose) *Dental formula 2133/2133 |
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Lemuriformes.....where they fit in chart and common creatures
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*under prosimians
*level w/loris,tars *all lemurs |
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Lemuriformes....general characteristics
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*madagascar
*herbivores & insectivores *mostly Diurnal *mostly arboreal (live in trees) |
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Lorisiformes....where they fit in chart and common creatures
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*under prosimians
*level w/lemurs/tars *lorises and galagos |
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Lorisiformes...general characteristics
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*India, Asia, Africa
*Herbivores & insectivores *Nocturnal *quadruped |
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Tarsiriformes....where they fit in chart and common creatures
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*under prosimians
*level w/lemurs/loris *tarsiers |
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Tarsiriformes....general characteristics
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*SE Asia Islands
*Nocturnal *no Tapetum Lucidum (reflection of light in eye) *lack Rhinarium *no dental comb *carnivorous |
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Anthropoids...chart and creatures
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*level with prosimians
*monkeys, apes, humans |
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Platyrrines....chart and creature
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*under Anthropoidea
*level w/ catyrrhines *New world monkeys |
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Anthropoids...general characteristics
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*larger body and brain
*no rhinarium *more complex social systems *longer period of gestation and maturation |
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Platyrrines...general characteristics
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*south and central america
*dentitian 2133/22133 *broad widely flairing noses with outward facing nostrils |
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Callitrichids...chart and creatures
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*family order of Platyrrines
*level w/ atelids, cebids *marmosets and tamarins |
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Callitrichids...general characteristics
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*smallest of 3 Platyrrines families
*claws on all digits except big toe *insectivores *quadrupedal *diurnal |
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Atelids....chart and creatures
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*Level w/callitrichids, cebids
*under Platyrrhines *howlers, spider monkeys |
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Atelids...general characteristics
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*Largest new world monkeys
*leaves and fruit *prehensile tail with friction ridges *Thumb reduced or absent *nocturnal *no tapetum lucidum |
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Cebids...chart and creatures
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*level w/atelids, callitrichids
*under Platyrrines *ssqsuirrel monkeys, capuchins, owl monkeys |
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Cebids...general characteristics
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*short prehensile tails
*omnivores *arboreal *quadrepeds |
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Catyrrhines....chart and creatures
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*level w/Platyrrines
*under anthropoidea *Old world monkeys, apes, humans |
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Catyrrhines...characteristics
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*dental pattern 2123/2123
*ishcial callosites (cushion on butt) |
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Cercopithicoids....chart and creatures
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*under catyrrhines
*level w/hominoidea *all old world monkeys |
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Cercopiths...chart and creatures
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*under cercopithicoids
*level w/colobines *baboons, macaques |
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Cercopiths....characteristics
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*generalized diet, eat anything
*cheek pouches for storing food *narrow interorbital region *broad incisors *shallow jaw *africa, asia, india, and japan *quadrupedal *sexually dimorphic *arboreal and terrestial |
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Colobines...chart and creatures
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*under cercopithicoids
*level w/cercopiths *colobus, langurs |
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Colobines...characteristics
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*leaf eating monkeys
*broad interorbital region *deep jaw *high cusps *africa, asia, tropical forests *arboreal |
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Hominoids...chart and creatures
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*under catyrrhines
*level w/ cercopiticoids *apes and humans |
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Hominoids...characteristics
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*no tails
*larger body size *wide thorax *shortened trunk *complex behavior with hands and feet |
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Hylobatidae...chart and creatures
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*under hominoids
*level w/pongidae, hominidae *gibbons and siamangs |
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Hylobatidae...characteristics
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*SE Asia
*smallest apes *specialized limbs *arboreal *frugivorus *monogomous *true brachiators |
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Pongidae...chart and creatures
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*under hominoid
*level w/hylobatidae, hominidae |
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Pongopygmaeus...chart and creatures
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*under Pongidae
*level w/Gorilla, Pan, Homo *orangutans |
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Pongopymaeus...characteristics
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*man of forest
*SE Asia *Upland forest *sexually dimorphic *frugivorous *male solitary *quadrupedal |
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Gorilla....chart and creatures
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*under Pongidae
*level w/Pan,Pongo, Homo *gorillas |
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Gorilla....characteristics
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*Mountains of east africa
*lowlands of west africa *sexually dimorphic *terrestial *folivores *Alpha male - silverback |
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Pantroglodytes...chart and creatures
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*under pongidae
*level w/gorilla,pongo, homo *chimpanzees |
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Pantroglodytes...characteristics
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*equatorial africa
*share 98.5% of DNA w/Humans *sexual dimorphic *omnivorous *tool use *arboreal *terrestial |
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Panpaniscus...chart and creatures
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*under Pongidae
*level w/pongo,gorilla, homo *bonobos |
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Panpaniscus...characteristics
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*last ape species idenified
*Democratic Republic of Congo *most bipedal *slender/muscle definitions *small heads |
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Solitary
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*ORANGATANS
*individual female & offspring *individual males have ranges that overlap several adult female groups |
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Monogamous
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*GIBBONS
*one adult female & one adult male offspring *territories *Intersexual competition *little or no sexual dimorphism |
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Polyandrous
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*TAMARINS
*one female and several sexually active males & offspring *communual breeding and infant care |
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One male groups
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*COLOBINES
*"harem" *1 adult male, several females and offspring *female bonded groups *infanticide |
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Multi male/Multi female
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*BABOONS
*many males and females and offspring |
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Age grade male group
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*GORILLA
*1 dominant adult male, many female and offspring *dominant male is silverback *juvenile males is blackback |
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Fisson/fusion
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*CHIMPS
*size and composition is fluid *male band together *female and offspring have own subgroup |
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Disadvantages of living in groups
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*more visible to predators
*only certain males mate w/females |
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Advantages of living in groups
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*protection from predators
*improved access to food *assistance in protecting & raising offspring *learning |
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Influential dominant factors
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*sex, age
*level of agression *time spent in group *intelligence *motivation *sometimes mothers social positon |
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autonomic communication
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hair raising
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deliberate communication
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displays, branch shaking, hugging, fear grin
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altruism
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behaviors that benefit another while posing risk oneself
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Consortship
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temporary relationship between male and female for mating
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Grooming
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*reinforces social bonds
*used in reconciliantion |
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Estrus
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*initiated period of sexual receptivit in female nonhuman mammals related to ovulation
*cyclical changes of the external genitalia *swelling and redness |
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Bonobos differiate reproduction
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mate with females even when not in estrus...not typical
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what is a hominid
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Members of the family Hominidae that occured after the split from african great apes
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Protohominid
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earliest members of the hominid lineage, barely represented in fossil record
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Locomotion first evolution
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Ape
Bipedal Ape Intelligent Bipedal Ape Human |
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brains first evolution
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Ape
Intelligent Ape Bipedal Intelligent Ape Human |
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The Piltdown Hoax...when,where,who,what effect
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1950's, British Museum, Professor Oakley, set back paleoanthropology 40 years
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Bipedal Macaque
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Natasha, 5 yrs old
almost died of severe stomach flu and started walking bipedal |
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Habitual Bipedalism
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form of locomotion practiced by hominids
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Foramen magnum
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position is centered (anterior) vs. toward back (posterior)
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Spine in bipedal hominids
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2 distinctive curves in spine that represents bipedalism
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Pelvis in bipedal hominids
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short, broad, basin or "bowl" shaped pelvis;'
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Lower limb features
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enlarge head of femur
knee angled inwards short toes arched feet |
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6 theories of the origin of bipedalism
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freeing hands
running after the game looking over tall grass keeping cool ability to make tools sexual display |
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Sahelanthropus tchadensis
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Protohominid
Chad, Africa 6-7 mya discovered in 2001 |
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Ardipithecus ramidus
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Discovered in 1992
Middle Awash (Ethiopia) 4.4 mya evidence of bipedalism teeth common w/later hominids instead of great apes |
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Australopithecus africanus
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protohominid
south africa 1924 famous...Taung...juvenile gracile famous...Mrs. Ples...adult |
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Paranthropus robustus
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1950 by Robert Broom
Swartkrans bipedal large molars and premolars |
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Australopithecus anamensis
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east africa
forested environment 1994 u shaped tooth row thick molar enamel bipedalism |
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Kenyanthropus platyops
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1999
meave leakey 3.2-3.5 mya NEW GENIUS small teeth |
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Australopithecus afarensis
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1974
donald johanson mature adult, 40% complete "Lucy", Laetoli footprints sexual dimorphism |
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paranthropus Boisei
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Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania
Mary Leakey 1959 massive cheeck teeth and small anterior teeth 2.3-1.3 mya |
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Paranthropus aethiopicus
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"black skull"
1985...walker and leakey W. Turkana (kenya) 2.3-2.7 mya |
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australopithecus garhi
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Asfaw, White and colleagues
1999 2.5 mya Ethiopia link between austral and homo |
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apes and hominids split
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5-6 mya
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Robust
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huge molars
big jaws big zygomatic arches sagittal crest forest, woodland, rainforest, nuts, bark, leaf |
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Gracile
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No sagittal crest
less prognathic face smaller dentition grasslands, savannah, hunted, meat |
