Anthropology

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Anthropology

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The holistic and comparative study of humankind.

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Archeology

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The comparative study primarily of cultural remains of a human societies.

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cultural anthropology

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comparative study of human behavior according to the rules of a society.

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culture (Tylor)

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"That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, values, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man"

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culture (haviland)

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values, beliefs, and perceptions of the world shared by members of a society that they use to interpret experience and generate behavior.

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linguistics

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the study of language as it is spoken

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physical anthropology

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comparative study of the biological aspects of humankind of contemporary and fossil forms

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cross-cultural comparison

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comparison of two or more cultures in regard to one trait

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cultural relativism

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evaluating cultures based on their own standards.

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cultural universalism

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idea that all people have many things in common

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cultural bound

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interpretation that all phenomena are screened through own'e own cultural filters.

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ethical relativism

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tolerance of practices harmful to the body or psyche pf the victims

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ethnocentrism

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belief in the superiority of one's own culture

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holism

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belief that aspects of any culture must be viewed in the broadest possible context to understand their interconnections and interdependence.

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informant

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persons providing information

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interviews

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research that involves asking questions

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key informant

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person upon whom one relies primarily on for information

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observation

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informed watching of a culture

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open-ended interviews

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unstructured interviews

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participant observation

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observation that involves taking pat in the activities of the people under study

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respondent

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the person responding to closed interviews

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restudy

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research on a previously-studied culture

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comprehensiveness

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rule where a proposition must be tested by all relevant information

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falsifiability

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so stated that it must be able to be rejected

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honesty

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a researcher must be willing to accept any outcomes

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HYPOTHESIS

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A PROPOSITION

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replication

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subjected to a second test

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research method

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reasoning that leads to the choice among possible research techniques

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research methodology

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principles or research problems that govern rationale

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sound

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norm for a proposition to be true

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sufficiency

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evidence must be enough to support a proposition

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theoretical orientation

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body of propositions oriented to models that guide research

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theory

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hypothesis confirmed by tests, research, or other verification

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validity

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norm that one proposition logically follows another

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allele

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a pair of genes that control a certain trait

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breeding population

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a community of individuals where mates are found

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cell

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smallest unit capable of performing functions of a living organism

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chromosomes

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strings of hereditary material

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codominant

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both alleles are expressed

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cytoplasm

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substance between nucleus and cell wall

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dna

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genetic information

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deleterious mutation

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renders an organism maladaptive

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diploid

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number of chromosomes during mitosis

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dominant

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one allele expressed

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gamete

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sex cell