Anthro Test 2

Front 1

ethnography

Back 1

the description and analysis of a culture

Front 2

culture

Back 2

the knowledge that is learned, shared, and used by people to interpret experience and generate behavior

Front 3

relativism

Back 3

attempting to understand another culture from their perspective

Front 4

ethnocentrism

Back 4

judging other cultures from the perspective of one's own culture

Front 5

explicit/tacit culture

Back 5

the culture that people can talk about and of which they are aware/the shared knowledge of which people usually are unaware and do not communicate verbally

Front 6

cultural capital

Back 6

what people know, ethnographers have to negotiate relationships

Front 7

social capital

Back 7

capital based on social relationships and ties

Front 8

social facts

Back 8

simple facts about social practices that don't look further into cultural or religious meanings

Front 9

collective effervescence

Back 9

people are actually worshipping society, the big group does things together collectively

Front 10

orixas

Back 10

a spirit that reflects one of the manifestations of God in Umbanda, a Brazilian religion

Front 11

religious syncretism

Back 11

the fusion of diverse religious beliefs and practices (African/European beliefs combine to create Brazilian beliefs)

Front 12

ritual

Back 12

a patterned repetitive and symbolic enactment of a cultural belief or value, separated from everyday

Front 13

rite of passage

Back 13

move someone from one stage or condition to another

Front 14

liminal or liminality

Back 14

allows for feelings to be expressed and leads to transformation

Front 15

Azande witchcraft

Back 15

a hereditary substance, as seen within the Azande religion, misfortunes are caused by withcraft

Front 16

oracles

Back 16

a person who can detect witches

Front 17

selective perception

Back 17

a term for attempts by people to explain away inconsistencies or contradictions in their beliefs

Front 18

secondary elaboration

Back 18

the tendency of people to see and recognize only those things they expect to see or those that confirm their world views

Front 19

gangwasi

Back 19

ghosts of recently deceasedJu/'hoansi) responsible for serious illness and accidental misfortune

Front 20

n/um

Back 20

spiritual medecine

Front 21

trance

Back 21

a half-conscious state characterized by an absence of response to external stimuli, typically as induced by hypnosis or entered by a medium.

Front 22

social identity

Back 22

how we perceive ourselves in relation to others

Front 23

status

Back 23

a culturally-defined position associated with a social structure

Front 24

role

Back 24

rule-governed behavior associated with a particular status

Front 25

Herero

Back 25

pastoralist that live in the Dobe, they have higher status than Ju, the Ju work with the herds and stables and the herero provide shelter, clothes, donkeys, etc.

Front 26

Tswana

Back 26

other pastoralists in the Dobe region

Front 27

clientship

Back 27

state of being under the protection of a patron. the Ju are clients of the pastoralists

Front 28

swara

Back 28

brothers-in-law created by intermarriage, important for intermarriages between Ju and Tswana/Herero, term associated with extreme cordiality (reciprocal between races)

Front 29

egocentric sense of self

Back 29

a view of the self that defines each person as a replica of all humanity, the locus of motivations and drives, capable of acting independently from others.

Front 30

sociocentric sense of self

Back 30

a sense of self, as defined by its relation to others, can't have a sense of self without comapring to others

Front 31

"honor and shame complex"

Back 31

the idea that women and men either fall under the categories of honor or shame depending on their attribute (men: violence, father, virility, etc. women: procreation, nurturing, domestic)

Front 32

"crisis of patriarchy"

Back 32

the crisis that is occuring in El Barrio with women being the only ones to have legal jobs and often being single breadwinners

Front 33

structural violence

Back 33

violence resulting from the systematic way that social structures deprive people of access to basic resources and constrain human agency

Front 34

mortal selective neglect

Back 34

choosing to neglect infants that are seen as not strong enough to live, and allowing them to die from neglect

Front 35

lifeboat ethics

Back 35

a metaphor for resource distribution proposed by the ecologist Garrett Hardin in 1974. Hardin's metaphor describes a lifeboatbearing 50 people, with room for ten more. The lifeboat is in an ocean surrounded by a hundred swimmers. who do you choose to save?

Front 36

intifada

Back 36

the Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, beginning in 1987.

Front 37

"bodily inscription of violence"

Back 37

encoding culture and site for inscription of power

Front 38

applied anthropology

Back 38

any use of anthropological knowledge to influence social interactions, to maintain or change social institutions, or to to direct the course of cultural change

Front 39

sustainable development

Back 39

economic development that is conducted without depletion of natural resources.

Front 40

adjustment anthropology

Back 40

Any use of anthropological knowledge that makes social interaction between people who operate with different cultural codes more predictable.

Front 41

participatory action anthropology

Back 41

not just producing new knowledge, but also changing policies

Front 42

public interesr (or activist) anthropology

Back 42

not merely about the world but on behalf of the world, the approach merges problem solving with theory development and analysis in the interest of change motivated by a commitment to social justice, racial harmony, equality, human rights and well being

Front 43

illness/disease

Back 43

social experience of a disease/medical (biological) aspect of a sickness

Front 44

medical anthropology

Back 44

the study of how health and illness are shaped, experienced, and understood in light of global, historical, and political forces.

Front 45

SADF

Back 45

South African Defense Force

Front 46

SWAPO

Back 46

South West African Peoples' Association, political party in Namibia, previously national liberation movement

Front 47

militarization

Back 47

the process by which a society organizes itself for military conflict and violence. It is related to militarism, which is an ideology that reflects the level of militarization of a state.

Front 48

mafisa

Back 48

loan cattle, Ju herded cattle in return for payment of cattle ( usually one a year), but patron's were not abiding by this

Front 49

n!ore

Back 49

land tenure, traditional territories in the Ju culture

Front 50

"culture of poverty"

Back 50

a phrase coined by Oscar Lewis to describe the life-style and world view of people who inhabit urban and rural slums

Front 51

traditionalists/revisionists

Back 51

focus on past/ contemporary

Front 52

"noble savage"

Back 52

a representative of primitive humankind as idealized in Romantic literature, symbolizing the innate goodness of humanity when free from the corrupting influence of civilization.

Front 53

romanticism

Back 53

looking to the here and now of human existence, combining philosophical ambitions with physiological and psychological questions.

Front 54

reflexivity

Back 54

reflecting on what you have learned , what are the problems, drawbacks?

Front 55

communal mode of production

Back 55

producing through group, collective efforts

Front 56

ethnography/qualitative research

Back 56

scientist participant observation, ethnographic fieldwork, full immersion into lives and cultures of that being studied in order to understand and comprehend

Front 57

microcultures

Back 57

the system of knowledge shared by members of a group that is part of a larger national society or ethnic group

Front 58

transcultural presentation

Back 58

presenting information in a way that can be interpreted by multiple cultures