Anthro Test 1

Front 1

socialization

Back 1

infancy; lang, nonverbal communication cues... assumed to be universal. aka enculturation

Front 2

mores

Back 2

social/moral/ethical concerns... streaking, public intox, smoking. enforcement of rules/laws --> have to be socially/culturally agreed upon

Front 3

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Back 3

lang shapes worldview and perception

Front 4

multivocalic

Back 4

symbols; many different meanings or possible interpretations

Front 5

morpheme

Back 5

communication of standardized meanings; combination of phonemes

Front 6

phoneme

Back 6

unit of sound; recognizably dinstinct or discrete

Front 7

free morpheme

Back 7

chair, tree, dog; no prefixes required

Front 8

bound morpheme

Back 8

quickly undecided, dislodge... meaning within a meaning

Front 9

culture

Back 9

shared, socially learned knowledge and patterns of behavior...*is collective

Front 10

cultural integration

Back 10

various elements of culture fit together in a more or less coherent way

Front 11

values

Back 11

a people's beliefs about the way of life that is desirablefor themselves and society

Front 12

cultural construction of reality

Back 12

people agree on how nature, objects groups, individuals, and other phenomena should be divided into categories

Front 13

worldview

Back 13

the way a people interpret reality and events, including their images of themselves and how they relate to the world around them

Front 14

lang

Back 14

culture as we know it couldn't exist without ________

Front 15

productivity

Back 15

a speaker's ability to create totally novel sentences and to a listener's ability to comprehend them

Front 16

displacement

Back 16

our ability to talk about objects, people, things, and events that are remote in time and space

Front 17

proxemics

Back 17

the meanings conveyed by space and distance

Front 18

semantic domain

Back 18

a set of words that belongs to an inclusive class i.e. chair table >> furniture

Front 19

McGurk effect

Back 19

visual stimuli > auditory stimuli. expectation is based on experience...*socialization.

Front 20

functionalism

Back 20

Great Britain; social and cultural features should be explained by their useful functions to the people and to the society; *Bronislaw Malinowski

Front 21

problems and issues in field research

Back 21

1. stereotyping 2. defining the fieldworker's role in the community and developing rapport 3. identifying and interviewing consultants

Front 22

Marcel Mauss

Back 22

wrote book about gift giving; influenced understanding of reciprocity and exchange within society

Front 23

French postmodernism

Back 23

1. relativity of all knowledge 2. how knowledge is constructed 3. how power relations affect the creation of knowledge

Front 24

diachronic

Back 24

concerned w/ linguistic features changing over time

Front 25

synchronic

Back 25

concerned w/ ling features or events of a particular time, w/o reference to their historical context; fixed pt in time

Front 26

hunting and gathering

Back 26

only works w/ small population; labor divided by sex and age... women-gathering men-hunting

Front 27

horticulture

Back 27

seasonal cultivation; human manual labor, digging and planting yourself; slash-and-burn-> you need space and low population

Front 28

intensive ag

Back 28

animals and plows; irrigation; often creates a surplus... *development of trade/barter system. exchange is a human interaction

Front 29

pastoralism

Back 29

domestication of animals

Front 30

transhumance

Back 30

how pastoralists live in elevated climates; moving b/w elevations to find grazing land

Front 31

labor cost

Back 31

paying for the iPad, not the labor that went into it

Front 32

reciprocity

Back 32

balanced, negative generalized; form of econ exchange

Front 33

redistribution

Back 33

done in chiefdoms (politically)

Front 34

market exchange

Back 34

involves MONEY..... the others do not

Front 35

balanced reciprocity

Back 35

ex. of equal goods and services

Front 36

negative reciprocity

Back 36

motivated by desire for accumulation

Front 37

generalized reciprocity

Back 37

exc. w/o expectation of a return

Front 38

money

Back 38

medium to exchange goods and services; leads to market & global market economics... national debts, greater class divisions

Front 39

reciprocity, redistribution, market exchange

Back 39

three forms of economic exchange

Front 40

balanced, negative, generalized

Back 40

three forms of reciprocity

Front 41

money - object as a medium of exchange; prices; supply and demand; privately owned property

Back 41

market exchanges requires these 4 things

Front 42

exogamous rules

Back 42

prohibited from marrying with in her or his own family or other kin group

Front 43

endogamous rules

Back 43

individual must marry someone in his or her own social group i.e. caste system in India; social hierarchy

Front 44

passing on of bad genes; limits social interaction; could weaken family structure; familiarity breeds disinterest

Back 44

why is there incest taboo (4 things)

Front 45

cultural functions of marriage

Back 45

gender division of labor within a household; fosters social networks and expands social groups; offspring/reproduction

Front 46

sororate

Back 46

when a widow marries dead husband's brother; not always sexual

Front 47

matrilocal

Back 47

moving with or near wife's family

Front 48

patrilocal

Back 48

moving with or near husband's family