Anthro Final

Front 1

Unilineal Descent Systems

Back 1

[Term] Descent traced through male or female relatives only, not through both

Front 2

Pastoralism

Back 2

[Term] when male relatives bond together to defend land or goods with fighting

Front 3

Lineage

Back 3

[Term] can trace by blood ties to a common ancestor

Front 4

Clan

Back 4

[Term] Lineage split up to make manageable, lost track of common ancestor

Front 5

Phiatry

Back 5

[Term] association of clans, like clans but actual descent links are unspecified, have clans inside them

Front 6

Moiety

Back 6

[Term] society divides its clans into two major groups

Front 7

Cognatic (Ambilineal) Descent Systems

Back 7

[Term] choose either male or female lineage to affiliate with. Needed for flexibility, able to move where advantage lies

Front 8

Bilateral Descent Systems

Back 8

[Term] through both male and female links, less common among cultures, common in west and hunter gatherers

Front 9

Accommodating Homosexuality

Back 9

[Term] Believes that people can be born into wrong body. Methods to verify if this is true. Must act female part if gender reversed.

Front 10

Berdache

Back 10

[Term] female soul in male body

Front 11

Disproving Homosexuality

Back 11

[Term] Negative reaction to effeminate males and masculine females. Male serviced not considered homosexual if abide by male role

Front 12

Preventative Homosexuality

Back 12

[Term] not necessary to reverse gender to be homosexual. Medicine model used to deal with it.

Front 13

Cultural Ecology

Back 13

[Term] How well does a culture use its surroundings? What behavior is used to extract resources? How does ecology affect the culture?

Front 14

General Functionalism

Back 14

[Term] How do seemingly non-productive aspects of culture contribute to survival?

Front 15

Cultural Materialism

Back 15

[Term] Material constraints rise from need to meet universal needs?

Front 16

Horticulture Societies

Back 16

[Term] simple farming using hand tools, slash and burn techniques, may keep livestock

Front 17

Pastoral Society

Back 17

[Term] animal husbandry, nomadic or semi-nomadic, often gather, trade often, livestock take on powerful religious meaning

Front 18

Transhumance

Back 18

[Term] Central base in middle of area, herds and farms spread out in radius from central base

Front 19

Institutional Embeddedness

Back 19

[Term] to what degree is the political institution separated from other social institutions.

Front 20

Concentration of Authority in Political Affairs

Back 20

[Term] government has monopoly on legitimate use of violence

Front 21

Levels of Political Intergration

Back 21

[Term] size of territory under control of a particular political structure, amount of centralized political power, confederacy

Front 22

Bands

Back 22

[Term] foraging people, low pop dense, nomadic, reciprocity, share goods

Front 23

Tribe

Back 23

[Term] herding/minor farming, low pop dense, villages, redistribution, barter/trade

Front 24

Chiefdom

Back 24

[Term] horticulture, low pop dense, villages, distribution, trade

Front 25

State

Back 25

[Term] agriculture, high pop dense, towns and cities, market, currency

Front 26

Voluntaristic Theory

Back 26

[Term] Agriculture -> food supplies -> occupational specializations. complex division of labor,

Front 27

Hydraulic Theory

Back 27

[Term] Small scale irrigators, saw need for political integration, mediate disputes and allow for large scale irrigation, surrendered autonomy for irrigation

Front 28

Geographic Circumscription Theory

Back 28

[Term] state created war, limited land problem, aggravated by geographical barriers to expansion, means land conquest of a far flung and complex nature