Anthro 120 Exam 3

Front 1

Religion

Back 1

belief and ritual concerned with supernatural being, powers, force

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Animism

Back 2

Earliest form of religion. was a belief in spiritual beings

Front 3

Polytheism

Back 3

belief in multiple gods

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monotheism

Back 4

belief in a single, all powerful deity

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Mana

Back 5

impersonal force existing in the universe. it can be in people, animals, and plants

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taboo

Back 6

bodies or possessions set apart as sacred and off limits to ordinary people

Front 7

Magic

Back 7

supernatural techniques intended to accomplish specific aims.

Front 8

imitative magic

Back 8

produce desired effect by imitating it

example voodoo!

Front 9

contagious magic

Back 9

whatever is done to an object is believed to affect a person who once had contact with it. Example, using a person's hair or nails

Front 10

magic is most prevalent when...

Back 10

in times of chance and uncertainty

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ritual

Back 11

repetitive sequence of words and actions. like a tradition

Front 12

rites of passage

Back 12

customs associated with the transition from one place or stage of life to another

Front 13

separation

Back 13

withdraw from the group

Front 14

incorporation/reaggregation

Back 14

reenter society

Front 15

liminal/margin

Back 15

period between leaving and coming back

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Liminality

Back 16

in between phase of a rite of passage

Front 17

communitas

Back 17

an intense community spirit when you go through the rites as a group

Front 18

collective liminality

Back 18

people experienceing liminality together

Front 19

permanent liminality

Back 19

sects, brotherhoods or cults. Wear same clothes have same hair style

Front 20

totemism

Back 20

attach your group to an animal or plant as your descendent

Front 21

shamans

Back 21

part time religious figures who mediate between people and supernatural forces.

Front 22

communal religions

Back 22

part time specialists that believe in several deities

Front 23

olympian religions

Back 23

priesthoods with hierarchical with many deities

Front 24

revitalization movements

Back 24

social movements that occur in times of change

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Cargo cults

Back 25

revitalization movements that occur when natives come in contact with industrial societies but they lack wealth and education

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mission civilisatrice

Back 26

a civilizing mission

Front 27

development anthropology

Back 27

focus on the social issues of economic development

Front 28

green revolution

Back 28

agricultural developements like fertilizers, pesticides, and new cultivation techniques

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overinnovation

Back 29

development projects that require major change in daily lives, too much change

Front 30

underdifferentiation

Back 30

tendency to view the less developed countries as more alike than they really are

Front 31

applied anthropology

Back 31

application of data to solve contemporary social problems

Front 32

biomedicine

Back 32

link illness to scientifically demonstrated agents which bear no personal malice toward their victims

Front 33

disease

Back 33

scientifically identified health threat caused by a bacterium or other pathogen

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emotionalistic disease

Back 34

emotional experiences cause illness. examplesusto caused by anxiety or fright in south america

Front 35

wudu

Back 35

ritual of bathing in water before prayer. lead to snails in water to give people liver flukes

Front 36

schistosomiasis

Back 36

liver flukes by snails that are in ponds and lakes

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illness

Back 37

condition of poor health perceived or felt by an individual

Front 38

Levis-Strauss

Back 38

central theme in religion is the relationship between nature and culture and how the opposition is mediated

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Snakes and man

Back 39

snakes=nature

man=culture

Front 40

Weber

Back 40

believes that you can only measure success in things like business. Is wealth the sign of salvation?

Front 41

Tylor

Back 41

religion is a way to understand that cannot be explained on a daily basis. Belief in souls

Front 42

naturalistic disease

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explain illness on impersonal terms

Front 43

Malinowski

Back 43

religion meet emotional needs and emotional comfort

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Personalistic disease

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blame sickness of witches, sorcerers, and ghosts

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Hot and cold theory

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disease are classified as either hot or cold when you have been exposed to too much of a hot or cold substance

Front 46

neutralization

Back 46

way of preventing a bad side effect to occur by anticipating the way a medicine or food will affect the body

Front 47

Freud view on religion

Back 47

viewed it as a menace to society and an illusion

Front 48

What were green revolutions objectives

Back 48

to increase the food supply in Java. People were malnurished

Front 49

What ways did green revolutions succeed and fail?

Back 49

Increased global food supply, but only wealthy villagers reaped the benfits

Front 50

What can help barriers to economic development

Back 50

it rests not only on technological change but on political change as well. small villagers take out loans from wealthy villagers

Front 51

how can religion function as a method of social control?

Back 51

Durkheim believes religion = effervescense ( help build up)

When they meet they can exist peacefully or create hostility (Christians during the crusades)

Front 52

Why do religious revitalization movements occur?

Back 52

Occur in times of change where people emerge and revitalize a society. Example, Jesus brought christianity

Front 53

What are some career opportunities for anthro majors?

Back 53

Any career opportunities, law, business, social workers

Front 54

How can knowledge of local culture help solve problems in medicine?

Back 54

Concepts of good and bad health are culturally constructed. Disease varies among societies

Front 55

What can knowledge of a local culture help solve problems in education?

Back 55

Each culture place values on education differently. Example, book says Puerto Rican parents value education more than hispanic.

Front 56

How can knowledge of a local culture help solve problems in business?

Back 56

ethnography, cross-cultural expertise, and focus on cultural diversity help businesses learn how customers use products