Anth Test2

Front 1

A state is:

Back 1

A) a form of sociopolitical organization in which stratification and centralized rule are absent.
B) the basic sociopolitical unit found among foragers.
C) a form of sociopolitical organization with centralized rule, but lacking social stratification.

Front 2

specifications on states

Back 2

A state controls a specific regional territory.
B) Early states had productive farming economies that supported dense populations, often in cities.
C) Early states extracted tribute and taxation to support the central ruling administration.
D) States are socially stratified.

Front 3

Jericho i

Back 3

Jericho was first settled around 11,000 B.P. by Natufian foragers.

It was mentioned in the Bible.
D) Before the appearance of pottery, a town wall and a massive tower were built at Jericho.
E) It is found in the Middle East.

Front 4

Çatal Hüyük

Back 4

A) It was first settled around 9,000 B.P.
B) The dwellings were entered through the roof, and people had to crawl through holes from room to room.
C) It was an important participant in long-distance trade.
D) The town's spiritual life seems to have been centered on animals, danger, and death.

Front 5

shared feature by Çatal Hüyük and Jericho

Back 5

A) a town wall
B) burials beneath the house-floors

D) large populations prior to the development of state-level sociopolitical organization
E) Jericho and Çatal Hüyük share all of the above features

Front 6

B) Halafian

Back 6

name of the delicate ceramic style found in northern Syria around 7,500-6,500 B.P.

Front 7

Ranked societies

Back 7

a continuum of social status.

Front 8

chiefdoms

Back 8

A) Chiefdoms are societies in which relations among villages are unequal.
B) Chiefdoms are one kind of ranked society.

D) Chiefdoms are societies in which relations among individuals are unequal.
E) Chiefdoms are sometimes precursors to states.

Front 9

A primary state

Back 9

A) one that arose on its own and not through contact with other state societies.

Front 10

D) Sumer, 5,600

Back 10

The earliest form of writing

Front 11

Early States

Back 11

A) Indus Valley
C) Yellow River
D) Mesopotamia
E) Valley of Mexico

Front 12

Teotihuacan

Back 12

A) It flourished between A.D. 100-700.
B) Its population reached the size of 130,000.
C) It was built on a grid pattern.
D) It was made up of a series of specialized groups including farmers, artisans, merchants, priests, soldiers, and administrators.

Front 13

Carneiro's model for early state formation

Back 13

B) social circumscription
C) war
D) geographic circumscription
E) competition

Front 14

model for early state formation?

Back 14

A) long-distance trade
B) social circumscription
C) hydraulic systems
D) geographic circumscription

Front 15

reason why early states collapse

Back 15

A) When they fail to maintain social order.
B) When they fail to protect the community against outsiders.
D) When they fail to effectively administer the community.
E) When they fail to maintain political order.

Front 16

human language

Back 16

permits the discussion of past and future.
B) is based on an arbitrary association between words and the things for which they stand.

relies almost totally on learning.
E) allows one to benefit from others' experiences.

Front 17

call systems

Back 17

consist of a limited number of sounds.

are made only in the presence of certain stimuli.

C) are used by chimpanzees.
are used by gorillas.

Front 18

D) productivity.

Back 18

combining symbols and calls
ex.
"water" and "bird" to mean swan

Front 19

phonology

Back 19

the study of speech sounds and consideration of which sounds are present and significant in a given language

Front 20

commonly used to communicate status differences in Madagascar

Back 20

D) lowering one's head

Front 21

phonemics

Back 21

the study of the significant sound contrasts of a given language

Front 22

phoneme

Back 22

a sound contrast that makes a difference to meaning
ex
"Pit" and "bit"

Front 23

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states

Back 23

the grammatical categories of different languages lead their speakers to think about things in particular ways

Front 24

E) ethnosemantics.

Back 24

Ethnosemantics is the study of semantic behaviour of an ethnic group.

ie

Berlin and Kay's study, in which they determined that there are ten basic color terms that appear in languages in a consistent order

Front 25

use of a falsetto voice by women in Japan is an example of:

Back 25

B) a style shift

Front 26

principle of linguistic relativity:

Back 26

all dialects are equally effective as systems of communication.

Front 27

Black English Vernacular

Back 27

A) systematic and rule-governed.

a relatively uniform dialect spoken by the majority of black youth in most parts of the United States.

D) able to differentiate between past and present verbs.

related to the dialect of English commonly used in the southern United States.

Front 28

daughter languages.

Back 28

Languages that have descended from the same language are called:

Front 29

–chan

Back 29

janapese honorific name

Front 30

broad-spectrum revolution, humans shifted their attention to all of the following kinds of foods

Back 30

animals like fish.

animals that reproduce quickly.
C) small-bodied animals.

many species of animals as opposed to specializing in the hunting of a few species.

Front 31

Food production first emerged in:

Back 31

Middle East.

Front 32

found with the body of the "Iceman"

Back 32

A) flint arrows.
B) a fur hat.
C) a sloe berry.
E) a copper axe

Front 33

Hilly Flanks.

Back 33

The zone of the Middle East where wild wheat and barley are most abundant and were first exploited

Front 34

Nabta Playa is thought to be a regional ceremonial center why?

Back 34

Numerous cattle bones were found there.
B) Young cattle were sacrificed and buried in clay-lined and roofed chambers.
C) There is an alignment of nine large upright stone slabs.

E) They built Egypt's earliest astronomical measuring device.

Front 35

The largest problem for a mobile hunter-gatherer

Back 35

C) having to store and protect findings

Front 36

The first of the plants and animals to be domesticated

Back 36

Barley.
B) Sheep.

D) Goats.
E) Wheat.

Front 37

Where was rice domesticated

Back 37

E) Southern China

Front 38

independent centers of food production

Back 38

A) Mesoamerica
B) South Central Andes
C) Sub-Saharan Africa
E) Eastern United States

Front 39

domesticated in the New World

Back 39

A) guinea pig.
B) turkey
C) llama.
E) alpaca.

Front 40

plants were domesticated in Eastern North America

Back 40

A) goosefoot.
B) elder.
sunflower.
E) squash.

Front 41

Teocentli or Teosinte

Back 41

wild ansesctor of maize

Front 42

The first American immigrants, Paleoindians, hunted

Back 42

A) horses.
camels.
D) elephants.
E) giant sloths.

Front 43

a chiefdom.

Back 43

The type of society that has privileged and effective leaders but lacks sharp class divisions is called:

Front 44

dog.

Back 44

The largest domesticated animal in Eastern North America at A.D. 1000

Front 45

Homo habilis had a relatively modern

Back 45

Brain

Front 46

Homo erectus appears to have developed from Homo habilis after a span of only

Back 46

200,000 years.

Front 47

The clearest example of punctuated equilibrium evolution is the emergence of

Back 47

H. erectus

Front 48

Homo erectus used tools in order to

Back 48

dig tubers.
C) crush vegetation.
D) dig seeds.
E) reduce chewing demands.

Front 49

Homo erectus developed

Back 49

a superorbital torus.
B) functional differentiation among tools.
C) an occipital bun.
smaller teeth.

Front 50

All of the following contributed to Homo erectus' increased performance as a hunter

Back 50

A) larger brains.
a skeleton more like a modern human, that permitted greater range and endurance.
D) a more protected skull.
E) Acheulian tools.

Front 51

Homo erectus had a larger brow ridge.

Back 51

an anatomical difference between Homo erectus and Homo sapiens

Front 52

Archaeologists have been able to reconstruct a picture of life at the site of Terra Amata from

Back 52

B) fossilized human excrement.
C) animal bones.
D) postholes.
E) hearths.

Front 53

Important Homo erectus sites

Back 53

A) Zhoukoudian Cave.
B) Terra Amata.
C) Olduvai.
E) Trinil, Java.

Front 54

Studies comparing the DNA of anatomically modern humans and Neandertals show

Back 54

A) Neandertal DNA is significantly more different from modern human DNA than the variation present in living groups.

Neandertals probably contributed little to modern human DNA.
D) A separation of 600,000 years ago probably exists between Neandertals and modern humans.
E) DNA was still present in Neandertal bones.

Front 55

Mousterian tool tradition

Back 55

B) was made by Neandertals.
C) had at least 14 categories of tools.
D) used flake tool manufacture.
E) had tools for sewing.

Front 56

Dmanisi fossils

Back 56

are the most ancient undisputed human fossils outside Africa, dated to around 1.7 m.y.a.

Front 57

Homo floresiensis

Back 57

H. floresiensis hunted cooperatively.
B) H. floresiensis controlled fire.

H. floresiensis' skull is slightly smaller than a chimpanzee.
E) H. floresiensis were apparently wiped out by a volcanic eruption.

Front 58

Acheulian is:

Back 58

a tool type found at the site of Terra Amata.