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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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affluence |
the state of having a great deal of money; wealth |
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ancestor veneration |
worship of one's ancestors |
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ascribed status |
a social role of a person that is fixed at birth |
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Big Man |
an informal leader who possesses authority based on prestige and persuasive power, found in Melanesian societies |
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code switching |
the practice of moving easily between speech styles or languages in a conversation or single utterance |
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consumption |
the using up of a resource |
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culture |
complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society; the learned patterns of behavior and thought that help a group adapt to its surroundings |
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cultural relativism |
the idea that all cultures are equally valid, and that every culture can be understood only in its own context |
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descent group |
a social group of people who trace their descent from a particular ancestor |
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dialect |
the way a person speaks |
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diffusion |
the spread of a cultural pattern from one culture to another, and where no directed change agent is apparent |
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domestication |
shaping the evolution of a species for human use |
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egalitarian |
describes a society in which every member has the same access to resources and status; non-hierarchical |
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enculturation |
the process by which culture is passed from generation to generation |
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ethnocentrism |
the idea that our own customs are normal while the customs of others are strange, wrong, or even disgusting |
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Franz Boas |
one of the "fathers" of anthropology; created the four-field model, encouraged women and minorities to enter the field, focused on working with native populations rather than self-promoted research |
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genocide |
the death of an entire ethnic group |
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GM or GMO |
altered at the level of the gene; refers particularly to food crops that have been modified by introducing genes from another organism to enhance or create desired traits in the species |
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hegemony |
leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others |
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jargon |
workplace terminology; usually only understood by people in a certain work environment but can leak into common language |
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matrilineage |
tracing one's genealogy through the mother's line |
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nomadic |
moving within a large area frequently to access food resources |
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Ongka |
"Big Man" of the Kawelka tribe in Papua New Guinea; uses persuasion to organize a grand Moka in "Ongka's Big Moka" |
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patrilineal (descent) |
tracing one's genealogy through the father's line |
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polygamy |
the marriage practice of having two or more spouses |
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power |
the ability to compel another person to do something that he or she would not do otherwise |
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race |
a term used to describe varieties or subspecies of a species; inaccurately used to refer to human differences |
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relatedness |
allied by nature, origin, kinship, marriage, etc. |
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religion |
a set of beliefs and behaviors pertaining to supernatural forces or beings that transcend the observable world |
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reciprocity |
a set of social rules that govern the specialized sharing of food and other items |
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ritual |
a symbolic practice that is ordered and regularly repeated |
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rites of passage |
rituals marking life's important transitions from one social or biological role to another |
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subsistence |
food procurement; basic food needs for survival |
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supernatural |
describes those aspects of life that are outside of a scientific understanding and that we cannot measure or test; religious |
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sustainability |
the ability to keep something in existence, to support a practice indefinitely |
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participant observation |
a research method used in anthropology in which an ethnographer lives with a group of people and observes their regular activities |
