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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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energy requirements for beef cows (4)
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maintenance
pregnancy lactation growth |
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Net Energy System
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Gross energy (-feces)
Digestible energy (-urine and gas) Metabolizable energy (-heat increment) splits to NE production and NE maintenance |
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NE maintenance (in Kcal/day) =
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77*BW^0.75
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lactating cows have a ____% higher NE maintenance requirement
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20%
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rank in order of ascending NEm requirements:
bos indicus dairy breeds bos taurus |
Bos Indicus
Bos Taurus Dairy breeds |
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Increase NEm by _% per degree F below LCT (low critical temperature) in dry climates,
_% per degree below LCT in wet climates |
1
2 |
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in cattle, no need for __ vitamin supplementation
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B
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body condition score for cattle adjusts _____ requirements for beef cattle
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energy
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four stages of cattle production
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1 calving to breeding (calf is born, until heifer is bred)
2 breeding to weaning (til calf is weaned) 3 weaning to late gestation (til 3rd trimester) 4 late gestation (last trimester til calving) |
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which stages for cattle production are critical?
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1 calving to breeding (calf is born, until heifer is bred)
4 late gestation (last trimester til calving) 3rd trimester til calf is born and the heifer is bred |
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for beef cows, body condition scoring goes from __ to __
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1-9
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optimum body condition at calving is _-_
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5-6
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underfeeding pregnant cow during late gestation causes _____
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lower birth rates
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TDN:CP ratio for forage quality
should be __:__ |
4-5:1
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Who's number 1 in cattle industry?
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Texas
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primary principle of nutritional management of stocker cattle?
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"Dilution of maintenance"
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how does dilution of maintenance work?
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cow eats more feed, NEm req. is constant, not a percent, so the % of feed used for maintenance becomes smaller
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what are stocker cattle?
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weaned calves that are forage-fed for a period of time before being sold to enter a feedlot
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intake drives ______
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production
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business goals of a stocker operation
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PROFITS
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goals of feedlot nutritionists
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rapid weight gain
decrease cost of weight gain |
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NEm formula
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77 * BW^.75
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adjustment to NEm based on breed
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Dairy *1.2
Bos Taurus *1 Bos Indicus *0.9 |
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factors that increase NEg
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higher body weight
heifers highest NEg, then steers, bulls least non implanted steers small mature sizes |
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what is the most commonly used source of NPN (non protein nitrogen)?
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urea
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when is urea best used?
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high starch diets
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how to prevent urea toxicity?
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1. mix diets well
2. adapt cattle to urea-based diets slowly (2-3 weeks) 3. limit urea to 15-25% dietary protein |
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cattle with higher rates of protein deposition require more Undegraded intake protein (UIP) to _______
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maximize their growth potential
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cattle with higher rates of protein deposition require more _________________ to maximize their growth potential
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Undegraded intake protein (UIP)
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_____ should always be added to a feedlot ration, unless a good legume is being fed
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calcium
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______deficiencies are likely to occur when urea-based diets are fed
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sulfur
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_____ usually is abundant in feedlot rations
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phosphorus
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goals of a receiving cattle feeding program?
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restore feed consumption, rumen function
regain body tissue loss from shipping stress minimize mortality rate |
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additives can do what?
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improve digestion, FE
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nutrition drives ______
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profits and production
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