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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the functions of the urinary system?
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removal of waste products from the blood
regulation of composition of blood/arterial BP -selectively reabsorbs water and useful constituents produce regulatory enzymes - renin- erythropoietin |
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what are the anatomical parts of the urinary system?
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2 kidneys
2 ureters urinary bladder urethra |
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What is diff btw humans and animals as far as kidneys?
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in animals, the right kidney is cranial
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discuss the anatomy of the kidney
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-paired reddish-brown, bean shaped organs
-except horses- heart shaped and ox is lobed retroperitoneal ( lies outside the peritoneum) right kidney more firmly attached than the left right more cranial than the left -renal arteries and veins -renal cortex -renal medulla -nephrons -renal pelvis ureter |
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__= indentation where arteries enter/veins leave etc
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renal hilus
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what are the interspecies variations in kidneys?
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pig- smooth renal cortex, calyces, renal pelvis
cattle- multilobar, each renal medulla is separate, many lobes with no renal pelvis cats/dogs- smooth cortex, no separate medullas/pyramids, no calyces |
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__= functional unit of the kidneys
-4 million nephrons in 1 cattle kidney, 500k in dogs -filters blood, excretes urine -2 types--> cortical (excretory) and medullary ( concrate urine) -made of renal corpuscle ( glomerulus and bowmans capsule -renal tubule |
nephron
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__= part of the nephron; capillary tufts, high BP; drives water and solutes out of blood
___= part of the nephron; collects fluid from the glomerulus |
glomerulus
bowmans capsule |
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__= part of the nephron; reabsorption occurs here
-proximal tubule- reabsorbs H2O, salt, glucose, amino acids -loop of henle- descending--> permeable to H2O, impermeable to salt ascending --> impermeable to H2O, actively pumps Na out -distal tubule- active transport to move ions against gradient, depending on hormones -collecting tubule and collecting duct |
renal tubules
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__= narrow muscular tube, running caudally towards to bladder
-urine formed by nephron leaves each kidney by a single one at a point called a hilus -urine is pushed along the tube by peristaltic waves (sm muscle contractions in walls) -transitional epithelium lines to allow expansion |
ureters
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___= hollow smooth muscle
-transitional epithelium -micturition( expulsion of urine from the bladder ) |
urinary bladder
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__= tube which conveys urine caudally from bladder to the outside thru the pelvic cavity
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urethra
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how is the male and female urethras different?
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female is shorter and opens into repro tract and empties out thru vagina
male is much longer and has 2 parts ( pelvic/penile) -joins the deferent ducts and conveys both urine and sperm to the outside of the body |
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What is the composition of urine?
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water 95%
nitrogenous waste- urea, uric acid, creatinine ions- sodium, potassium, sulfate, phosphate |
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__= hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that increases permeability of cells in collecting ducts to water
-hypothalamus monitors hydration and stimulates -helps control blood volume |
ADH
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__= hormone involved in kidney function, formation of active vitamin D
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PTH
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__= condition; high glucose concentrations in plasms and n gloerular filtrate
-exceeds capacity to resorb glucose -glucose stays in tubules and collecting ducts -increases osmotic pressure of tubules-more water retained in urine and excreted -bc water excreted, more water needs to be taken in (polydipsia, polyuria) |
diabetes mellitus
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__= condition in which there is formation of mineral stones k/a calculi or uroliths
-may cause blockage of urinary tract -most commonly seen in dogs bc urethra bends over ischial arch -seen more in males than females |
urolitiasis (urinary calculi)
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