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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the thoracic container made up of |
manubrium, sternum, ziphoid process, intercostal muscles, intercostal VAN |
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what is the superior thoracic aperture bound by |
manuubrium, 1st thoracic verterbrae, 1st pair of ribs |
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what enters the superior thoracic aperture |
esophogus, trachea, vessels, nerves |
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what bounds the inferior thoracic aperture |
t12 verterbrae, ziphosternal joint, ribs 11+12, costal margin |
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which 2 layers do the intercostal VAN run through |
internal and innermost intercostal muscles |
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where does the subclavian artery travel and what does it give rise to |
subclavian travels on either side of sternum and gives rise to internal thoracic artery which travels on inferior aspect of ribs |
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what does internal thoracic artery give rise to |
a) anterior intercostal arteries b) pericardiophrenic artery 2 distal arteries: c) musculophrenic artery d) superior epigastric artery |
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where do posterior intercostal arteries come from and what do they meet up with |
they come off the descending aorta and meet up with anterior intercostal muscles |
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where do intercostal nerves come from and where do they travel to |
intercostal nerves come from anterior rami and travel with the vein and artery (VAN) between internal and innermost intercostal muscles. they head anteriorly and pop out as lateral and anterior cutaneous branches supplying skin and intercostal muscles
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what are the borders of the mediastinum |
superior and inferior thoracic apertures, sternum and costal cartilidges, bodies of thoracic verterbrae |
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what does the posterior mediastinum contain |
descending aorta |
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what does the middle mediastinum contain |
heart, ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, SVC, arch of azygos vein, main bronchi, phrenic nerve |
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what are the three layers of the pericardium |
F- fibrous : thick outermost layer connecting to the diaphragm P- parietal - outside of the visceral layer V-visceral- directly on the heart in between the parietal and visceral is the serrous fluid?? |
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what are the branches of the SVC |
internal jugular, subclavian, right and left brachiocephalic veins |
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what does the ascending aorta give off |
coronary arteries |
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what does the arch of the aorta give off |
a) brachiocephalic trunk which gives off i) right subclavian artery ii) right carotid artery b) left common carotid a. c) left subclavian a. |
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what does the descending aorta give off |
a) bronchial artery supplying bronchiols and lung tissue b) esophageal artery c) posterior intercostal a. d) phrenic artery supplying diaphragm |
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what marks the beginning and end of the aortic arch |
bifurcation of trachea at level of sternal angle |
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where does the esophagus travel |
esophagus arises from the middle of the aortic arch and travels from superior to inferior mediastinum, moving to the right of the aorta as it descends |
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where do the coronary arteries come off of |
ascending aorta |
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where does the right coronary artery travel |
runs through atrioventricular groove (groove between right atrium and ventricle) |
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where does the left coronary artery travel |
runs through interventricular groove (groove between right and left ventricle) and under the left auricle |
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what does the right coronary artery give off |
a) SA nodal artery which runs under right auricle and towards SVC b) right marginal artery c) continues as right coronary on posterior side to give off posterior IV artery |
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what does the left coronary artery give off |
bifurcates into a) circumflex artery which travels on the posterior side b) anterior interventricular artery running through IV groove |
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which arteries anastomose with each other? |
a) circumflex with right coronary artery b) anterior and posterior IV arteries |
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where and what does the coronary sinus dump |
it dumps deoxygenated blood into right atrium |
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what branches does the coronary sinus give off |
small, middle and great cardiac vein |
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which veins and arteries travel together on the heart |
a) great cardiac vein with the anterior interventricular artery (IV groove) b) middle cardiac vein with the posterior interventricular artery (IV groove) c) small cardiac vein with marginal artery |
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what is a valve composed of |
a cusp, cordae tendinae and papillary muscles |
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what valve prevents blood flow back to atrium |
atrioventricular valve prevents blood flow back to atrium |
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right AV valve is |
a tricuspid valve preventing backflow from the right ventricle to right atrium |
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left AV valve is |
a bicuspid (mitral) valve preventing backflow from left ventricle to left atrium |
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what is a pulmonary valve |
a semilunar valve between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
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what is an aortic valve |
a semilunar valve between left ventricle and aorta |
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where does the right atrium receive blood |
svc, ivc, coronary sinus |
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where does the right atrium direct blood to |
right ventricle |
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pectinate muscles (right/left auricle) |
form the rough walls of the atrium |
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crista terminals and sulcus terminalis |
reflects the point of change from rough anterior wall to smooth posterior wall of the atrium |
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what controls flow into right ventricle |
tricuspid valve |
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what controls flow out of right ventricle |
pulmonary valve |
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trabeculae carnae |
makes up the rough walls of the ventricle |
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septomarginal trabeculae |
"moderator band": connects iv septum to anterior papillary muscles facilitates conduction of heart and causes papillary muscles to contract |
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Interventricular septum |
wall between two ventricles |
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where do the pulmonary veins drain into |
left atrium, interatrial septum, left atrioventricular orifice |
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what is the lung enclosed in |
a serrous pleural sac that consists of 2 continuous membranes: a visceral (most internal) and parietal (external of visceral) pleura |
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what does the pleural cavity contain |
serrous pleural fluid: the surface tension of the fluid provides cohesion that keeps the lung surface in contact with the thoracic wall |
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what are the 3 sections of the diaphragm |
caval opening t8-t10: IVC and right phrenic nerve travel through esophageal hiatus t10-t12: esophagus, trunks of vagus nerve, esophageal branches of left gastric vessels travel through aortic hiatus t12: descending aorta, thoracic duct and azygos vein |
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what supplies the superior surface of the diaphragm |
1) internal thoracic artery (branch of subclavian) --> gives off musculophrenic artery (supplies diaphragm directly) and the pericardiophrenic artery (supplies pericardium which dumps into diaphragm) 2) thoracic aorta giving off superior thoracic arteries |
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what supplies inferior surface of diaphragm |
abdominal aorta giving off inferior phrenic nerves |
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what direction do external obliques move |
up towards ribs |
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what direction do internal obliques travel |
down towards hips |
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what direction does transversus abdominis muscle move |
laterally |
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what is the rectus sheath |
posterior and anterior walls cover the rectus abdominis muscles like a plastic bag... made up of the aponeurosis of EO, IO, and transversus abdominis |
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linea alba |
white line down the middle of rectus abdominis |
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arcuate line |
1/3 of the way from pelvis to pubic point and the point of change where anterior and posterior rectus sheath starts to do different things |
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what happens above arcuate line |
aponeurosis of EO goes in front, half of IO goes in front and half behind, transversus abdominis goes behind rectus abdominis |
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what happens below arcuate line |
aponeurosis of EO,IO,TA all go in front of rectus abdominis |
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what does the abdominal aorta give off |
a) celiac trunk b) superior mesenteric artery c) inferior mesenteric artery |
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where does the celiac trunk start and what does it supply |
t12, foregut |
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where does the SMA start and what does it supply |
L1, midgut |
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where does the IMA start and what does it supply |
L3, hindgut |
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what comes off the celiac trunk |
a) splenic artery
b) common hepatic artery c) left gastric artery |
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what comes off the splenic artery |
left gastroomental artery |
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what does the left gastrooental artery anasteomose with |
right gastro-omental artery along greater curvature of stomach
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where does the right gastro-omental artery come from |
the gastroduodenal artery |
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what comes off the common hepatic |
the hepatic proper giving off left and right proper arteries and the gastroduodenal artery |
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what comes off the gastroduodenal artery |
superaduodenal artery (supplies head of pancreas) and anterior+posterior superior pancreaoduodenal artery (SPD) |
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what does the hepatic proper give off |
right gastric artery |
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what does the left gastric artery anasteomose with |
right gastric artery along lesser curvature of stomach |
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what does the SPD anasteomose with |
inferior pancreoduodenal artery from SMA (foregut meets midgut) |
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where does the superior mesenteric artery come off of |
abdominal aorta |
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what branches does the SMA give off |
a) jejunal branches b) ileal branches c) ileocolic branches : supplies the junction between ileum and colon (appendix is here) d) right colic e) middle colic f) inferior pancreoduodenal artery |
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what does the IFA give off |
a) left colic artery b) sigmoidal arteries c) rectal arteries |
