Animal Tissue

Front 1

The four main kinds of animal tissue

Back 1

1.Epithelial tissue

2. Connective tissue

3. Muscle tissue

4. Nerve tissue

Front 2

Squamous epithelial tissue

Back 2

Characteristics :

•single layer, flat cells and no intercellular spaces

Location:

•walls of alveoli

inner walls of blood vessels

Oesophagus and mouth

Function:

•protects underlying tissue

•permeable to gases and liquids

•prevents friction

Front 3

Columnar epithelium

Back 3

Characteristics:

•column shaped

•contains goblet cells which secrete

Location: lines the stomach and small intestine

Function: absorption and secretion

Front 4

Ciliated columnar epithelium

Back 4

Characteristics:

•columnar cells with cilia on free ends.

• goblet calls secrete mucus

Location:

•lines nasal cavities, bronchi

•sensory organs like the ear

•fallopian tubes

Function:

•cilia make wave-like movements to remove dust particles from air passages

•transport ova from ovariea to uterus

•detect stimuli in sensory organs

Front 5

Cubodial epithelium

Back 5

Characteristics :

• they are as long as they are wide

Location:

•lines the thyroid gland,sweat gland ,sebaceous gland and salivary glands

Function:

•absorption and secretion

Front 6

Types of connective animal tissue

Back 6

•areolar connective tissue

•dense connective tissue

•cartilage

•bone

•blood

Front 7

Function of the connective tissue

Back 7

•binds,supports or surrounds other tissues or organs

Front 8

Areolar connective tissue

Back 8

Characteristics :

•matrix is jelly-like

•there are two types of fibres:

-yellow,elastic fibres (branched)

-white,inelastic collagen fibres (parallel)

•different types of cells are scattered throughout the matrix

n:

•connects skin to the body

•inbetween organs

•spaces between organs and muscles

•around muscles and blood vessels

Location:•connects skin to the body •inbetween organs •spaces between organs and muscles•around muscles and blood vesselsFunction:•serves as insulating material•protects the organs by serving as packing tissue like around the kidneys

Function:

•serves as insulating material

•protects the organs by serving as packing tissue like around the kidneys

Front 9

Dense connective tissue

Back 9

characteristics:

•consists of small amount of matrix and a small number of cells

•contains large amount of fibres

•tendon- inelastic white collagen fibres

•ligament- elastics yellow fibres to allow for some movement

Location

•for tendons its when muscle is attached to bone

•for ligament its where bone is attached to bone

Function:

•tendons - the relay muscle contraction and relaxation to the bone so that movement can take place

•Ligaments : keeps bones in place and prevents dislocation by limiting the moments of bones

Front 10

Cartilage

Back 10

Characteristics :

•tough ,rubbery matrix that contains protein, chondrin

•matrix has a fluid-filled spaces called lacunae

Location:

•occurs between bones (vertebrae)

•lines joints,forms permanent structures

Functions :

•prevents friction in joints

• acts as a shock absorber between vertebrae

•makes joint sockets

•keeps tubes open

Front 11

Bone

Back 11

Characteristics:

•contains a hard matrix of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

•longitudinal canals,known as Haversian canals which contain blood vessels and nerve cells

•osteocytes found in lacunae

Location:

•various bones of the endoskeleton of vertebrates

Function:

•gives shape and ridigity to the body

•protects soft organs like brain

•attachment for muscles

•produce blood cells

•stores minerals

Front 12

Blood

Back 12

Red blood cells (erythocytes)

(erythocytes)

Characteristics:

•no nucleus

•biconcave

•elastic

•contains haemoglobin

Location: circulates in blood vessels throughout the body

Function: carries oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin and carbon dioxide as carbaninohaeglobin

White blood cells (leucocytes)

Characteristics:

•no fixed shape

•nucleus occurs

Location:

• circulates in blood vessels throughout the body

Functions:

•phagocytes move around and engulf bacteria and substances that are foreign to the body

•leucocytes :produce antibodies

Platelets (thrombocytes)

Characteristics:

•flat discs

•no nuclei

Location:

• circulates in blood vessels throughout the body

Function:

•blood clotting in damaged blood vessels

Blood plasma

Characteristics :

•liquid mostly water

•plasma proteins

Location:

•not a tissue but forms the fluid part of blood

Function:

Contains dissolved nutrients,waste,gases ,hormones and enzymes

Front 13

Types of muscle tissue

Back 13

•cardiac muscle

•skeletal muscle

• smooth muscle

Front 14

Cardiac muscle

Back 14

Characteristics:

• striated fibres

•muscular bridges

•involunatary muscle

•automatic function

Location: muscular walls of the heart

Function: circulation of blood

Front 15

Skeletal/ striated muscles

Back 15

Characteristics:

• long cylindrical cells with dark and light bands

•many nuclei

•voluntary movement

Location: attached to bones of movable limbs

Function: movement

Front 16

Smooth muscle

Back 16

Characteristics:

•not attached to bone

•spindle shaped

•one nucleus per cell

Location:walls of digestive canal, bladder, blood vessels, uterus and fallopian tubes.

Function: involuntary moment eg. contraction of uterus

Front 17

Characteristics of nerve tissue

Back 17

•has a cell body that has a cell membrane that encloses the cytoplasm and in the cytoplasm is a prominent nucleus as well as small, dark bodies,the Nissl granules

•has two types of outgrowths from the cell body

-dendrites: one or more outgrowths that conduct never impulses to the cell body

-axonl: long outgrowth that conducts nerve Away from the cell body and it usually is encloses by fatty sheath, the myelin sheath,which insulates the Adonis and increases the speed of nerve impulses.

Front 18

Location of nerve tissue

Back 18

•The central nervous system forms in the brain and spinal cord

•peripheral nevrous system conducts impulses throughout the body.

Front 19

Types of neurons

Back 19

•sensory neurons- conduct impulses from the receptors(touch receptors,free nerve endings or senosry organs like eyes) to The central nervous system

• motor neurons -conduct nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the effectors(muscles and glands)

•interneurons- conduct nerve impulses between the sensory and motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord.

Front 20

Functions for nerve tissue

Back 20

Allows an organism to perceive stimuli and to respond by transmitting nerve impulses along neurons.