Animal Science Exam 2

Front 1

What is growth defined as?

Back 1

an increase in body weight until mature size is reached. also an increase in cell number and size.

Front 2

What is development defined as?

Back 2

coordination of all different processes until maturity is reached.

Front 3

What are the two types of cells?

Back 3

1.) Animal cells
2.) Plant Cells

Front 4

Name the four types of tissues.

Back 4

1.) Muscle tissue
2.) Nervous Tissue
3.) Connective Tissue
4.) Epithelial Tissue

Front 5

Name the 8 organ systems.

Back 5

1.) Skeletal System
2.) Muscular System
3.) Digestive System
4.) Nervous System
5.) Integumentary System
6.) Endocrine System
7.) Reproductive System
8.) Immune System

Front 6

Name the 4 functions of epitheal tissue.

Back 6

1.) Covers body and lines organs
2.) Protection
3.) Secretion
4.) Exchange

Front 7

What are the two functions of connective tissue?

Back 7

1.) Binds Tissue
2.) Supports Tissue

Front 8

What are the 6 types of connective tissue?

Back 8

1.) Loose
2.) Fibrous
3.) Adipose
4.) Cartilage
5.) Bone
6.) Blood

Front 9

What is the function of muscle tissue?

Back 9

Movement

Front 10

What are muscle fibers?

Back 10

bundles of long cells

Front 11

What does skeletal muscle tissue control?

Back 11

voluntary muscle movements

Front 12

What does cardiac muscle tissue control?

Back 12

contractile tissue of the heart

Front 13

What does smooth muscle tissue control?

Back 13

it moves the walls of internal organs

Front 14

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Back 14

1.) Skeletal
2.) Cardiac
3.) Smooth

Front 15

What are the 2 functions of Nervous tissue?

Back 15

1.) Being a communication Network
2.) Sense stimuli and transmits info through the body.

Front 16

What is the structural unit of the nervous system?

Back 16

Neruron

Front 17

What are the 5 functions of the Skeletal system?

Back 17

1.) Mineral Storage
2.) Blood Cell Formation
3.) Protects vital organs
4.) Gives shape
5.) Levers for movement

Front 18

What are the four functions of the muscular system?

Back 18

Movement, power, strength, endurance

Front 19

What carries blood from the tissues to the heart?

Back 19

veins

Front 20

What carries blood from the heart to the tissues?

Back 20

arteries

Front 21

What four substances does blood carry?

Back 21

1.) Oxygen
2.) Nutrients
3.) Waste
4.) Hormones

Front 22

What is a hormone?

Back 22

A chemical substance that affects another cell

Front 23

What 2 hormones does the Thyroid gland produce?

Back 23

t3 & t4

Front 24

What 3 things does the thyroid hormones t3 and t4 do?

Back 24

1.) Regulates metabolic rate
2.) Increases growth
3.) Increases development

Front 25

What hormone does the Parathyroid gland produce?

Back 25

the Parathormone (PTH)

Front 26

What two things does Parathormone target?

Back 26

1.) Calcium metabolism
2.) Phosphorus metabolism

Front 27

What 2 hormones does the cortex of the Pituitary Gland produce?

Back 27

1.) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
2.) Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)

Front 28

ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) targets what gland?

Back 28

the adrenal gland

Front 29

The medulla of the Pituitary Gland releases what two hormones?

Back 29

1.) Growth Hormones (GH)
2.) The Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)

Front 30

What do growth hormones do?

Back 30

They aid in body cell growth

Front 31

What do growth hormones do?

Back 31

They aid in body cell growth

Front 32

What do anti-diuretic hormones do?

Back 32

They control water loss in the kidneys

Front 33

What 2 hormones does the cortex of the adrenal gland produce?

Back 33

1.) Mineral Corticoids
2.) Glucocorticoids

Front 34

What do mineral corticoids do?

Back 34

regulate sodium and postassium

Front 35

What do glucocorticoids do?

Back 35

converts proteins to carbs

Front 36

What 2 hormones does the medullary portion of the adrenal gland produce?

Back 36

1.) epinephrine
2.) Norepinephrine

Front 37

What does epinephrine do?

Back 37

it increases blood glucose levels

Front 38

What does norepinephrine do?

Back 38

it maintains blood pressure

Front 39

What two hormones does the pancreas produce?

Back 39

1.) Glucagon
2.) Insulin

Front 40

What does glucagon do?

Back 40

It raises blood sugar levels

Front 41

What does Insulin do?

Back 41

It lowers blood sugar levels

Front 42

What are the two parts of a growth curve?

Back 42

1.) Linear
2.) Plateau

Front 43

What three things is carcass composition effected by?

Back 43

1.) Frame size
2.) Gender
3.) Muscling

Front 44

In regards to carcass composition. why is frame size important?

Back 44

A larger frame has a better ability to create a larger carcass

Front 45

Do males or females usually have a larger frame?

Back 45

Males

Front 46

What is the average daily weight gain formula?

Back 46

Change in weight divided by change in time.

Front 47

What are the nine systems of animal behavior?

Back 47

1.) Sexual
2.) Caregiving
3.) Care- Soliciting
4.) Agnostic
5.) Ingestive
6.) Eliminative
7.) Shelter-seeking
8.) Investigative
9.) Allelomimetic

Front 48

True or false: Caregiving behavior can originate from either the sire of the dam, but is most often maternally oriented.

Back 48

True

Front 49

Behavioral activities of fight and flight are examples of what type of behavior?

Back 49

Agnostic Behavior

Front 50

Interactions with other animals and interactions with humans are types of _________ behavior.

Back 50

Agnostic

Front 51

Rumination or chewing the cud in ruminants is an example of what type of behavior?

Back 51

Ingestive Behavior

Front 52

Imitative behavior, when animals of the same species do the same thing at the same time-such as grazing or herding- is an example of what type of behavior?

Back 52

Allelomimetic Behavior

Front 53

What are two behaviors that are common to the nine systems of behavior?

Back 53

1.) Communication
2.) Maladaptive behavior

Front 54

Specialized groups of cells are called ______

Back 54

Tissues

Front 55

Groups of tissues that perform specific functions are _____.

Back 55

Organs

Front 56

What is the term for a group of organs that function together to accomplish a larger general functioin?

Back 56

System

Front 57

What are the three primary tissues that compose a carcass?

Back 57

1.) Fat
2.) Lean
3.) Bone

Front 58

When is fat deposition in the body greatest?

Back 58

Around the same time the animal reaches physiological maturity.

Front 59

An example of sexual behavior displayed by female farm animals in which they allow a male, or sometimes other females, to mount them and which permits producers to detect their estrus is ______.

Back 59

Standing heat

Front 60

A mare in estrus will display standing heat and ______ of the vulva when a stallion approaches.

Back 60

Winking

Front 61

True or False: All livestock growth curves are linear.

Back 61

False

Front 62

True or False: The pituitary is located next to the adrenal gland

Back 62

False

Front 63

True or False: As a producer, you have more control over fat composition than muscle or bone in a livestock carcass.

Back 63

True

Front 64

True or false: Carcass composition is effected by frame size.

Back 64

True

Front 65

True or false: Carcass Composition is effected by gender

Back 65

True

Front 66

What is a pheromone?

Back 66

"Smelly Hormone" used as a sexual indicator.

Front 67

What is the flehman response?

Back 67

Curled upper lip. Special glands can sense increased pheromone production in urine

Front 68

True or false: Courtship rituals in every species is the same.

Back 68

False

Front 69

Give an example of the caregiving system of animal behavior.

Back 69

Licking at birth, nursing, protection of young.

Front 70

Give an example of the care soliciting system of animal behavior.

Back 70

Crying or bellowing because the animal is distressed, disturbed, or hungry.

Front 71

Give an example of the agnostic system of animal behavior.

Back 71

The fight or flight response.

Front 72

Give an example of the Ingestive system of animal behavior.

Back 72

Eating or drinking

Front 73

Give an example of the eliminative system of animal behavior.

Back 73

Urinating or defecating

Front 74

What are the two types of eliminative behavior?

Back 74

Indiscriminately and definitive

Front 75

Describe indiscriminately eliminative behavior.

Back 75

The animal does not care where they urinate or defecate

Front 76

Describe definitive eliminative animal behavior.

Back 76

The animal has specific areas where it urinates or defecates

Front 77

True or False: The Uterus is the site of fertilization.

Back 77

False

Front 78

True or false: Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminal vesicles.

Back 78

False

Front 79

True or false: Oogenesis occurs in the cervix

Back 79

False

Front 80

True or False: The scrotum is responsible for thermoregulation of the testes.

Back 80

True

Front 81

True or false: The corpus luteum produces progesterone.

Back 81

True.

Front 82

What deposits the Albumin around in egg in the poultry reproductive system?

Back 82

The Magnum

Front 83

What structure is equivalent to the uterus in the poultry reproductive system?

Back 83

Shell gland

Front 84

What is the copulatory organ in poultry?

Back 84

Cloaca

Front 85

What organ is equivalent to the oviduct in the poultry reproductive system?

Back 85

Infindibulum

Front 86

Where is the sperm stored in the reproductive system of poultry?

Back 86

The Vas Deferens

Front 87

In the reproduction system of poultry, what organ deposits membranes around the albumin?

Back 87

Isthmus

Front 88

Identify one livestock species that would have a fibroelastic penis.

Back 88

Ram, Cow, Pig

Front 89

Identify one species that has a vascular penis.

Back 89

Horse, Human

Front 90

What is the term for the female gamete?

Back 90

ova

Front 91

What is the term for the male gamete?

Back 91

Sperm

Front 92

In what specific cells is testosterone produced in the male?

Back 92

Leydig cells