Animal Infectious Diseases

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E. COLI EHEC (here colonising terminal rectum of calf)

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Note: Another name for E. coli O157, "EHEC" = Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli.
Host range:Cows
Geo range: detected in most regions globally
Transmission: Eating Beef, salad, dairy

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever

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Pathogen: Bunyaviridae in RNA viruses
Vector: Hyolomma ticks
Host Range: wide range of wild and domestic animals such as cattle, sheep and goats, ostriches
Geo range: many countries in Eurasia and Africa up to 50 deg North (these ticks dont live there)
Transmission: Hyolomma ticks

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Mycoplasma gallisepticum

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Pathogen: Mycoplasma (bacterium without a cell wall)
Host Range: Birds
Disease: chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys, chickens, game birds, pigeons, and passerine birds of all ages.
Geo range: maybe global - map is EID2 map.
Transmission: transovarian, or by direct contact with birds, exudates, aerosols, airborne dust and feathers, and to a lesser extent fomites

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Tularemia

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Pathogen: Francisella tularensis
Host Range: Rabbits, Rodents, beavers, squirels, ticks, mosquitoes, horseflies
Disease: Skin lesions, death, Bone infection (osteomyelitis), Infection of the sac around the heart (pericarditis), Meningitis, Pneumonia
Geo range: Northern hemisphere
Transmission: bites by infected insects; contact with infected rodents, aerosolised infection (mowing over dead animals)
Treatment / Prevention: Antibiotics / Vaccine
Mortality rate: Humans: 5% if untreated. Causes mass dieoffs in rabbits.

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Theileria

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Theileria annulata
Theileria electrophori
Theileria equi
Theileria microti
Theileria orientalis
Theileria parva
Theileriae are protozoan parasites carried by ticks. When ticks carrying theileriae feed on cattle, the parasites get into their bloodstream and enter red blood cells. In some animals, sufficient red blood cells are destroyed to cause anaemia, a reduction in the red blood cell numbers. This reduces the ability of blood to carry oxygen and makes the animal ill.
There are 2 clinical syndromes:
1. An anaemia, abortion/stillbirth syndrome (usually with no observable lymphadenopathy [swollen lymph nodes], a highly significant clinical issue), in adult cattle originating from a parasite- (and often also tick vector-) free region when moved to an infected region, or conversely, in adult cattle within a hitherto unaffected tick vector-infested region, apparently after movement of carrier livestock from an endemically affected
region; and

2. A severe, highly non-responsive, acute anaemia syndrome in calves (usually 2-6 months of age or older) in tick vector and parasite endemic areas, particularly when seasonal calving and calf-hood coincide with the highest risk period for tick vectors (late winter through to mid summer).

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Lumpy skin disease

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Pathogen: Poxviridae, Neethling virus / LSDV
Host Range: cattle and zebus, giraffes, African buffalo, and impalas, Oryx, springbok
Symptoms: fever, discharge from the eyes and nose, nodular, necrotic skin lesions, edema of the limbs, and swollen lymph nodes
Geo range: Endemic in some African countries, now also found in Egypt, turkey, Israel, palestine, jordan, arab peninsula, iraq
Transmission: biting insects, perhaps mosquitoes (e.g. Culex mirificens and Aedes natrionus) and flies (e.g. Stomoxys calcitrans and Biomyia fasciata) Could also be other mechanisms of transmission.
Treatment / Prevention: Two vaccines: live attenuated versions of Neethling virus and sheeppox virus.
Mortality rate: low (up to 10%)

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Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (cow with "erosive lesion")

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Pathogen: Reoviridae, Orbivirus, EHDV (ww) / Ibaraki virus (Japan, Korea, and Taiwan)
Note: Bluetongue is also an orbivirus
Host Range: most wild and domestic ruminants (particularly white-tailed deer) Ibaraki virus causes diseases in cattle
Symptoms: appetite loss, no fear of people, weakness, excessive salivation, rapid pulse, rapid respiration rate, fever (lying in bodies of water to reduce temperature), unconsciousness, blue tongue. : indistinguishable from bluetongue, foot and mouth disease in deer
Geo range: North America, Australia, Asia, and Africa. Emerging in Europe in cattle (4 mediterranean countries)
Transmission: Culicoides variipennis mainly
Treatment / Prevention: live attenuated Ibaraki
disease vaccine used in Japan
Mortality rate:s 90% in white tailed deer; varies between strains etc

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American foulbrood (Field test)

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Pathogen: Bacterium; Paenibacillus larvae (european FB; Melissococcus plutonius)
Symptoms: larvae die before cells are closed
Geo range:
Transmission: robber bees stealing honey from infected hives, apiarists
Treatment / Prevention: Kill bees and burn hives and equipment
Mortality rate:

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea

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Pathogen: Porcine epidemic diarrhea Virus, Coronavirus, RNA.
Transmission: faecal/oral
Treatment / Prevention:
Mortality rate: much higher in unweaned piglets (can be 100%)

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Chagas Disease (Trypanosomiasis)

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Pathogen: Trypanosoma cruzi
Symptoms: heart disease, megaesophagus, and megacolon
host range: humans, dogs and cats, pigs, goats, lagomorphs, rodents, marsupials, bats, xenarthra (anteaters, armadillos, and sloths), non-human primates, opossums armadillos, raccoons, coyotes, rats, mice, squirrels, dogs, and cats
Vector / transmission: triatomine bugs, or "kissing bugs." "assassin bugs." (130 species); bite or ingestion (dogs)
Treatment / prevention: Reduviid Bug control in house; Antiparasitic treatment (most effective early, before irreversible damage occurs to the heart or gastrointestinal tract)

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Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever

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PATHOGEN: Guanarito virus (Yellow fever is also haemorrhagic in the area) arenavirus;
related to 2 other South American arenaviruses that are of significant public health concern: Machupo virus (Bolivian hemorrhagic fever) and Junin virus (Argentinean hemorrhagic fever).
Host range: rodents, cotton rat _Sigmodon alstoni_ cane mouse _Zygodontomys brevicauda (zoonotic)
Mortality: 40 per cent case fatality rate
Symptoms: fever, headache, myalgia, sore throat, weakness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and occasionally convulsions

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Canine distemper (“hard pad disease”)

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Pathogen: Canine distemper virus; Morbillivirus; Paramyxoviridae (close relative of the paramyxoviruses measles and rinderpest)
Symptoms: As distemper and rabies affect the central nervous system, they both cause behavior disorders. In raccoons, distemper usually results in neurological signs such as stumbling and lack of 'shyness', they can seem 'dumb' and/or 'friendly'. Rabid raccoons also might lose their fear to humans and other animals and they may become slower and are brought into stupor, but they present profuse salivation, indiscriminate biting, and odd vocalization.
Host range: animals in the families Canidae, Mustelidae, Mephitidae, Hyaenidae, Ailuridae, Procyonidae, Pinnipedia, some Viverridae and Felidae (though not domestic cats; feline distemper or panleukopenia is a different virus exclusive to cats)
Transmission: direct or indirect contact
Prevention: vaccination

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Hepatitis E

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Hep E viruses are single stranded RNA viruses in the Hepeviridae family. They are orally transmitted from eating infected meat or contaminated water in e.g. refugee camps. Host range includes lagomorphs, pigs (liver) chickens. Besides swine and chickens, recently strains of HEV have been
genetically identified from deer, mongooses, rabbits and rats. it causes liverinflammation like all hepatituses.

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Australian Bat Lyssavirus

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Lyssaviruses: This group of RNA viruses includes the rabies virus traditionally associated with the disease. it's a dangerous zoonosis.