Animal Industry And General Information

Front 1

What is the difference between a 'goat' and a 'sheep' (physically)

Back 1

Goat tails point up, sheep tails point down ; goats live in hotter, wetter climates while sheep live in dryer climates.

Front 2

Name the cow species that hails from Europe

Back 2

Bos taurus

Front 3

Name the cow species that hails from Asia and Africa

Back 3

Bos indicus

Front 4

What were some of the first animals to be domesticated?

Back 4

Dogs, goats, sheep, cattle

Front 5

What is a theory for why domestication happened?

Back 5

Companionship, hunting

Front 6

What is a breed?

Back 6

An animal that poses distinguished characteristics within a species.

Front 7

What is the scientific name for a dog

Back 7

Canis familarus

Front 8

What is the scientific name for a wolf?

Back 8

Canis lupis

Front 9

Name for cats

Back 9

Felis catus

Front 10

What is the ancestor to the domestic cat and what is its scientific name?

Back 10

Eastern wildcat; Felis sylvestris lybica

Front 11

What were cattle domesticated from and their scientific names?

Back 11

Aurochs, Bos primigenius and Celtic Shorthorn, Bos longiferons

Front 12

Which were domesticated first? Cows or dogs?

Back 12

Dogs. Cows were second

Front 13

Pigs are called ___

Back 13

Sus scrofus

Front 14

Is turkey bacon a 'real' thing?

Back 14

No, turkey breasts are too big

Front 15

Horses are ___

Back 15

Equus genus

Front 16

Sheep are ___

Back 16

Ovis aries

Front 17

Goats are ___

Back 17

Capra hircus

Front 18

Poultry was domesticated from ___

Back 18

Gallus gallus, the wild jungle fowl in Asia

Front 19

Chickens and poultry are very vertically integrated because they lend themselves well to:

Back 19

Confinement.

Front 20

What is a boar taint?

Back 20

A preputal pouch on non-castrated male swine.

Front 21

What is a young female calf cattle called?

Back 21

Heifer

Front 22

A young female swine is a ___

Back 22

Gilt

Front 23

A young female sheep is a ___

Back 23

Ewe

Front 24

A young female goat is a ___

Back 24

Doe

Front 25

Mature female cattle is

Back 25

Cow

Front 26

Mature female swine

Back 26

Sow

Front 27

Mature female sheep

Back 27

Ewe

Front 28

Mature female goat

Back 28

Doe

Front 29

What is a young male cattle?

Back 29

Bull / Bull Calf

Front 30

Young male swine?

Back 30

Boar or boar pig

Front 31

Young male sheep?

Back 31

Ram or ram lamb

Front 32

Young male goat?

Back 32

Buck

Front 33

Mature male cattle?

Back 33

Bull

Front 34

Mature male swine?

Back 34

Boar

Front 35

Mature male sheep?

Back 35

Ram

Front 36

Mature male goat?

Back 36

Buck

Front 37

Young castrate cattle?

Back 37

Steer

Front 38

Young castrate swine?

Back 38

Barrow

Front 39

Young castrate sheep?

Back 39

Wether

Front 40

Young castrate goat?

Back 40

Wether

Front 41

Mature castrate cattle?

Back 41

Stag

Front 42

Mature castrate swine?

Back 42

Stag

Front 43

Mature castrate sheep?

Back 43

Stag

Front 44

Mature castrate goat?

Back 44

Stag

Front 45

What is the generic term for a young cattle?

Back 45

Calf

Front 46

Generic term for young swine?

Back 46

Pig/Piglet

Front 47

Generic term for young sheep?

Back 47

Lamb

Front 48

Generic term for young goat?

Back 48

Kid

Front 49

Generic term for young horse?

Back 49

Foal

Front 50

Generic term for young dog?

Back 50

Puppy

Front 51

Generic term for young cat?

Back 51

Kitten

Front 52

Generic term for young mule?

Back 52

Foal

Front 53

Generic term for young chicken?

Back 53

Chick

Front 54

Generic term for young turkey?

Back 54

Poult

Front 55

Generic term for young duck?

Back 55

Duckling

Front 56

Young female horse

Back 56

Filly

Front 57

Young female Mule

Back 57

Mule Filly

Front 58

Young female dog

Back 58

Bitch/bitch puppy

Front 59

Young female cat

Back 59

Queen/ Queen Kitten

Front 60

Mature female horse

Back 60

Mare

Front 61

Mature female mule

Back 61

Mare mule/ Molly

Front 62

Mature female dog

Back 62

Bitch

Front 63

Mature female cat

Back 63

Queen

Front 64

Young male horse

Back 64

Colt

Front 65

Young male mule

Back 65

Mule Colt

Front 66

Young male dog

Back 66

Dog

Front 67

Young male cat

Back 67

Tom

Front 68

Mature male horse

Back 68

Stallion

Front 69

Mature male mule

Back 69

Horse Mule / John Mule

Front 70

Mature male dog

Back 70

Dog

Front 71

Mature male cat

Back 71

Tom

Front 72

Young castrate horse?

Back 72

Gelding

Front 73

Young castrate mule?

Back 73

Gelding

Front 74

Mature castrate horse?

Back 74

Gelding

Front 75

Mature castrate mule?

Back 75

Gelding

Front 76

young female chicken

Back 76

Pullet

Front 77

Young female turkey

Back 77

Young Hen

Front 78

Young female duck

Back 78

Ducklings

Front 79

Mature female chicken

Back 79

Hen

Front 80

Mature female turkey

Back 80

Hen

Front 81

Mature female duck

Back 81

Duck/Hen

Front 82

Young male chicken

Back 82

Cockerel

Front 83

Young male turkey

Back 83

Young Tom

Front 84

Young make duck

Back 84

Duckling

Front 85

Mature male chicken

Back 85

Rooster

Front 86

Mature male turkey

Back 86

Tom

Front 87

Mature male duck

Back 87

Drake

Front 88

Young castrate chicken

Back 88

Capon

Front 89

where is the chicken scrotum located?

Back 89

Inside the ribcage

Front 90

How old are chickens upon harvest, on average?

Back 90

6-8 weeks old

Front 91

Capons tend to have what type of problem?

Back 91

Tend to be morbidly obese

Front 92

Bulls can remember social hierarchy T/F

Back 92

True

Front 93

Lagums have what sort of risk on chickens?

Back 93

Phytoestrogen risk

Front 94

What are phytoestrogen?

Back 94

Plant produced xenoestrogens that inhibit fertility in animals

Front 95

Why is the popular theory that chickens are fed hormones a misconception?

Back 95

They are not old enough to respond to hormones upon harvest

Front 96

To be considered for the breeding flock, what test must a rooster pass?

Back 96

He must be able to walk up an incline ramp without falling

Front 97

What did the Morill Act of 1862 provide?

Back 97

It gave land grants for every state for land grant institutions

Front 98

What is an extinsion service?

Back 98

College reps sharing vital info with other countries/states

Front 99

What did the Hatch Act provide?

Back 99

It allowed for the creation of experimental stations

Front 100

When was the AVS degree first offered at Clemson?

Back 100

1962

Front 101

What has the highest dressing percentage and how high is it?

Back 101

Turkeys, around 83%

Front 102

What did the Morill Act of 1890 provide and what institutions was created in SC as a result?

Back 102

A second land grant institution for every segregated Southern state; Clemson University

Front 103

What did the Smith-Lever Act provide?

Back 103

Creation of the Extension Service

Front 104

What impact did boxed beef have on the beef industry?

Back 104

It allowed for prices to go down and for beef production to move where the food is rather than where the people live

Front 105

Average dressing percentage of chicken?

Back 105

75%

Front 106

Average dressing percentage of pork?

Back 106

75%

Front 107

Avg dressing percentage of cattle?

Back 107

60%

Front 108

Avg dressing percentage of sheep and goats?

Back 108

50%

Front 109

What are young wild turkeys generally called?

Back 109

Jakes

Front 110

What are some attributes looked at in meat?

Back 110

Muscle thickness and fat

Front 111

What does fat provide in meat?

Back 111

flavor

Front 112

What is marbleing?

Back 112

Intramuscular fat

Front 113

How is beef graded?

Back 113

By marbeling status

Front 114

How is pork graded?

Back 114

By color, texture and water retention

Front 115

How is lamb/mutton graded?

Back 115

Lamb maturity and flank streaking

Front 116

What is the most expensive cut on a pig?

Back 116

Solus major

Front 117

What is pink slime?

Back 117

Centrifuged and flash frozen beef trimmings

Front 118

How was pink slime used in hamburgers?

Back 118

To increase lean amount in 'too fat' meat

Front 119

Pink slime is typically beef that was treated with what?

Back 119

Ammonium hydroxide

Front 120

How do poultry reproduced?

Back 120

With a cloacal kiss

Front 121

What is a fecand?

Back 121

Reproductive efficiency

Front 122

What is a molt in regards to a chicken?

Back 122

A period of rest between egg laying

Front 123

What is certified angus beef?

Back 123

Comes from a cow with: 51% black hide, no spots, no humps, no horns, harvested at a CAB place with a CAB rating of moderate choice or higher

Front 124

What is the gestation length of a horse?

Back 124

340 days

Front 125

What does 'estrous' mean?

Back 125

Seasonal breeders

Front 126

What is the gestation length of bovines?

Back 126

283 days

Front 127

What is veil?

Back 127

Beef harvested before 9 months of age where the calf was fed an iron-free diet

Front 128

What does it mean to be polled?

Back 128

Absence of horns

Front 129

What does it mean if a cow has scurred?

Back 129

It has bony-like projections not attached to the skull, similar to horns

Front 130

What are devon cattle?

Back 130

The forerunners to the modern shorthorn cattle

Front 131

What is the most common cow breed?

Back 131

Angus-hereford cross

Front 132

Eating grass causes cows to produce what kind of meat?

Back 132

Yellow fat

Front 133

Being fed in a feedlot causes cows to produce what kind of fat?

Back 133

White fat

Front 134

Christopher Colombus brought what breed of cow with him?

Back 134

2 Devon steers

Front 135

Where did ranching begin in America?

Back 135

Florida

Front 136

When did the great cowboy era begin and when did it end?

Back 136

Started in 1865 after end of civil war, ended after the winter of 1885.

Front 137

What happened in the winter of 1886?

Back 137

Very tough winter that killed most cattle in America. The ones that were most able to survive were the hereford cattle and changed the cattle industry as a whole

Front 138

What are some dairy breeds of cows?

Back 138

Jersey, Holstein, Milking Shorthorn, Brown Swiss, Ayrshire, Guernsey

Front 139

What is the most common dairy breed?

Back 139

Holstein

Front 140

What are some of the most popular British beef breeds?

Back 140

Hereford, angus, shorthorn, red angus

Front 141

What are some of the benefits of British Bos taurus breeds

Back 141

Bos taurus are more maternal, moderately sized, more fertile, have more desirable carcass traits

Front 142

What are some of the continental Bos taurus breeds?

Back 142

Charolais, Simmental,

Front 143

What are some of the benefits of continental breeds?

Back 143

Heavily muscled, maternal and leaner

Front 144

What are some characteristics of Bos indicus cattle?

Back 144

Humps on the shoulder, looser hide, more dewlap, sheath and naval flaps. Floppy ears

Front 145

Benefits of Bos indicus?

Back 145

Very tolerant of conditions, able to adapt, maternal

Front 146

What is a the American Brahman?

Back 146

A cross between a nelore, gyr, guzerat and indu brazil

Front 147

What are some of the composite beef breeds?

Back 147

Santa Gertrudis, Beefmaster, Brangus, Braford, Charbray

Front 148

What is the average gestation length for sheep?

Back 148

147 days

Front 149

Sheep are ____breeders

Back 149

Seasonal

Front 150

What do Belgian blue cows suffer from?

Back 150

Hypertrophy

Front 151

What did the MARC determine about the cattle breeds?

Back 151

All starting to resemble one-another due to excessive cross-breeding.

Front 152

What is the average birth weight of a newborn calf?

Back 152

70 pounds

Front 153

How long do calfs stay with their mothers?

Back 153

205 days

Front 154

Upon weaning, how much would you expect a calf to weigh?

Back 154

around 500 pounds

Front 155

After how many days do cows need to be bred again?

Back 155

After 82 days

Front 156

What is the time between birth and rebreeding called in the cattle industry?

Back 156

'Hard time'

Front 157

How long is bovine ovulation?

Back 157

21 days

Front 158

Around how many days do cattle spend in the feedlot?

Back 158

120 days

Front 159

After how many months are cattle harvested and what is the average weight at this moment?

Back 159

15 months ; 1250 pounds

Front 160

What is dystocia?

Back 160

Difficult birth

Front 161

If a cow has twins, what can generally be said about one of them?

Back 161

One twin will have an undeveloped reproductive tract

Front 162

Bos indicus cattle tend to be:

Back 162

Overly aggresive

Front 163

What is dry beef?

Back 163

Beef aged 6-8 weeks in a cooler

Front 164

What is wet beef?

Back 164

Vacuum sealed and aged

Front 165

Bos indicus cattle do not respond well to aging. T/F

Back 165

True

Front 166

What experiment occurred in the 1940s and what did it find out?

Back 166

A purebred brahman was tied to one post and a purebred Bos taurus was on a post 7 posts away with cross-breeds containing 7/8 brahman, 6/8 brahman, 5/8th brahman... Found out that Bos indicus tolerance can come from very little genetics

Front 167

What does glycogin cause in beef?

Back 167

Black muscle

Front 168

Who is responsible for the majority of the animal welfare regulations that exist in the animal industry today?

Back 168

Temple Brandon

Front 169

What is a TMR?

Back 169

Total Mixed Ration

Front 170

If a ruminant is fed too much corn, what can happen?

Back 170

Acidosis

Front 171

What is the capacity of a rumen?

Back 171

55 gallons

Front 172

What is the omasum?

Back 172

Medicine ball-like chamber of the ruminant stomach responsible for reclaiming h20 and for a little grinding

Front 173

What chamber of the ruminant stomach most closely resembles that of a monogastric stomach?

Back 173

Abomasum

Front 174

Name the chambers of the ruminant in order

Back 174

Rumen - Reticulum - Omasum - Abomasum

Front 175

which breed of dairy cow tends to produce more fat in their milk?

Back 175

Jersey

Front 176

What is the percentage of fat in whole milk?

Back 176

3.25%

Front 177

What is heterozosious?

Back 177

Offspring outperforming parents

Front 178

What are the two main problems in dairy cow?

Back 178

Lameness and mastitis

Front 179

How is mastitis treated?

Back 179

Milking, antibiotics

Front 180

What is an acceptable amount of sematic cells in milk?

Back 180

Less than 100,000 per mL

Front 181

How long are 'first freshers' milked?

Back 181

3x a day for 2-3 weeks

Front 182

What is the milk from first-freshers called?

Back 182

Colostrum

Front 183

Describe the lactation curve

Back 183

Dairy cows have increased milk production 60-80 days after birth, then decreased lactation

Front 184

When are dairy cows rebred?

Back 184

At the start of the decrease in the lactation curve; around 82 days after birth

Front 185

How are most cows bred?

Back 185

AI

Front 186

What are the common meat breeds for sheep?

Back 186

Dorset, Suffolk and Hampshire

Front 187

What are some of the common wool breeds for sheep?

Back 187

Rambouillet, Merino, Lincoln, Katahdin

Front 188

Clemson was given what breed of sheep?

Back 188

Southdown

Front 189

What are some of the meat breeds of goats?

Back 189

Boer goat, Kiko goat

Front 190

Milk breeds of goats?

Back 190

Nubian, toggenburg, saanen, Oberhasli, Lamanche, Alpine

Front 191

What is a Myotonic goat?

Back 191

A 'wooden leg' goat ; Tennessee Fainting Goat

Front 192

What are some hair breeds of goats?

Back 192

Mohair and Cashmere

Front 193

What is the gestation length for pigs?

Back 193

115 days

Front 194

White colored pigs tend to be more ___

Back 194

Maternal

Front 195

Dark colored pigs tend to be ___

Back 195

meat breeds

Front 196

What are some maternal pig breeds?

Back 196

Yorkshire, Landrace, Chester White, Large White

Front 197

What are some terminal breeds of pigs?

Back 197

Duroc, Hampshire, Berkshire, Spot, Poland China, Pietrain

Front 198

What is the incubation period for chickens?

Back 198

21 days

Front 199

What are the two types of chickens in the industry?

Back 199

Broilers and layers

Front 200

What are broilers?

Back 200

Chickens destined for harvest

Front 201

What is the gestation length for cats?

Back 201

66 days

Front 202

How long are cats cycling?

Back 202

Being to cycle in the beginning of the year and wane near the Fall

Front 203

What is the incubation length of a turkey?

Back 203

28 days

Front 204

What is the scientific name for a turkey?

Back 204

Meleagris gallopavo

Front 205

What is the gestation length for pigs?

Back 205

115 days

Front 206

When does weaning begin for pigs?

Back 206

After 21 days of age

Front 207

When will a sow begin cycling again?

Back 207

3-5 days after removal from young

Front 208

Swine is driven by what?

Back 208

Attributes

Front 209

What is the most common swine breed?

Back 209

A Yorkshire x Landrace cross.

Front 210

How long do sows lactate for?

Back 210

Around 21 days

Front 211

Meishawn pigs are unique in what way?

Back 211

They can have litters of over 20 piglets, but they have a high mortality rate

Front 212

When did the 'war on fat' begin in the US?

Back 212

1984

Front 213

What was the result of the war on fat in the pork industry?

Back 213

More lean meat, loss of marbeling and increase in Porcine Stress Syndrome

Front 214

What is PSS?

Back 214

Porcine Stress Syndrome: leads to carcass grading of PSE

Front 215

What does PSE stand for?

Back 215

Pale, Soft, Exudated

Front 216

What is the ideal grading for pork?

Back 216

RFN ; Red, Firm and normal/ideal

Front 217

/What is the standard weight of a finished finisher pig?

Back 217

250 pounds

Front 218

CAFO stands for

Back 218

Confined Animal Feed Operations

Front 219

TMDL stands for

Back 219

Total Maximum Daily Load

Front 222

How much protein do neonates require?

Back 222

22% protein

Front 223

How old are pigs before harvest?

Back 223

150-160 days old

Front 224

What shifts dramatically at the Inflection point in a size x time graph?

Back 224

Feed to gain ratio

Front 225

How long are cattle kept past the IP on the feed:gain graph and why is this done?

Back 225

30-45 days past ; to induce marbeling

Front 226

What is tryptofan the cause of?

Back 226

Causes sleepiness. Exists in turkey meat

Front 227

What are the 4 main limiting amino acids in swine?

Back 227

Lysine, Methionin, Theomine, Tryptofan

Front 228

Cardiovascular problems exist in the poultry industry because

Back 228

They are too big

Front 229

What is the genetic variation equation?

Back 229

Change in Breeding value over time is equal to the heritability times the selection differential divided by the generation interval

Front 230

BV/Time = H^2 * S / L

Back 230

The genetic variation equation

Front 231

Most animal antibiotics are ___ related to human antibiotics

Back 231

Retarded

Front 232

What is a therapeutic level of antibiotics?

Back 232

Enough antibiotics to fix the problem

Front 233

What is a subtherapeutic level of antibiotics?

Back 233

Enough antibiotics to suppress the problem

Front 234

What is a turken?

Back 234

A breed of chicken

Front 235

What are two examples of ratites?

Back 235

Emus and ostriches

Front 236

What is the gestation length for dogs?

Back 236

Around 63 days

Front 237

What are the three grades of sheep meat and how are they graded?

Back 237

Lamb is under 12 months of age and has a perfect break at the school joint ; Yearling lamb is 12-24 and has an imperfect break ; Mutton is older than 24 months and has a fused joint break

Front 238

What is the most valuable sheep meat?

Back 238

Lamb

Front 239

What is the most popular/common meat sheep breed in the US?

Back 239

Suffolk

Front 240

Hair is what in wool?

Back 240

A containment

Front 241

What is a SCWL chicken?

Back 241

A Single Comb White Leg ; common layer chicken

Front 242

Describe a hampshire sheep

Back 242

Middle 'wool cap' and wool that extends down the legs

Front 243

Dorsets are unique in what way?

Back 243

Possible to get 3 lamb crops in 2 years from a single ewe

Front 244

What two breeds produce the highest quality wool?

Back 244

Merino and rambouillet

Front 245

What is a long wool sheep?

Back 245

Lincoln

Front 246

What is a hair breed of sheep?

Back 246

Katahdin

Front 247

The literal translation of ramboullet is

Back 247

'Jewel of Spanish Crown

Front 248

Hair type breeds of sheep are adapted to ___ climates

Back 248

Warm

Front 249

What does S4 mean?

Back 249

Sick Sheep Seldom Survive

Front 250

What are the two largest problems in sheep?

Back 250

Parasites and predators

Front 251

What is the main predator of sheep?

Back 251

Coyotes

Front 252

Sheep have a ____ jaw

Back 252

Prehensile

Front 253

What is a common parasite in sheep?

Back 253

The barber-pole worm

Front 254

What is FAMACHA?

Back 254

A grading system to determine the parasitic load in sheep

Front 255

What do you want in a FAMACHA grading?

Back 255

More red, less white in the sclera

Front 256

What breed of dog does Clemson have with the sheep?

Back 256

Great Pyranese

Front 257

What is fly-strike?

Back 257

Botfly infestation in a sheep where the flies lay their eggs underneath the sheep's skin

Front 258

What is a mulesling?

Back 258

Where the skin is cut around the breech area of sheep ; used to treat/prevent fly-strike (not commonly used anymore)

Front 259

What is used to treat fly-strike?

Back 259

Jetting

Front 260

How do you differentiate between a ram and a billy-goat?

Back 260

The hair-like appendage on the penis

Front 261

What is goat meat called?

Back 261

Chevon

Front 262

Boer goats are from ___ and are a ___ breed

Back 262

South Africa ; Meat

Front 263

Kiko goats are from ___ and are a ___

Back 263

New Zealand ; meat

Front 264

Goat consumption tends to follow

Back 264

Ethnic holidays

Front 265

The Spanish Brier Goat is known for being

Back 265

Tough and resilient

Front 266

A dairy goat is more productive per unit than a cow T/F

Back 266

True

Front 267

What are some common milk goat breeds?

Back 267

Nubian, Toggenburg, Saanen, Oberhasli, Lamanche, Alpine